Which of the following statements are correct regarding anti-glomerular basement membrane disease? 1. It is a rare autoimmune disease which presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. 2. Antibodies are formed against $α3$ chain of type 4 collagen GBM. 3. The $α3$ chain is expressed in basement membrane of glomerulus and the retina. 4. The disease may be associated with retinal hemorrhage when it is known as Goodpasture syndrome. Select the answer using the code given below :
Anti-GBM Disease: Statement Accuracy
Evaluating the correctness of statements about anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease:
Anti-GBM Disease: Autoimmune RPGN Characteristics
Correct. Anti-GBM disease is a rare autoimmune condition presenting as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). It involves the immune system attacking the body's own tissues, specifically the GBM.
Antibodies: Target Antigen ($α3$ Chain)
Correct. Autoantibodies in this disease target the $α3$ chain of type IV collagen, a key component of the glomerular basement membrane. This binding initiates the inflammatory cascade causing kidney damage.
Antigen Expression: Glomerulus vs. Retina
Incorrect. The pathogenic $α3$ chain of type IV collagen is primarily located in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and alveolar basement membrane (ABM). While type IV collagen exists elsewhere, its expression in retinal basement membranes is not the pathogenic target characteristic of this disease.
Goodpasture Syndrome: Clinical Definition
Incorrect. Goodpasture syndrome is defined by the presence of anti-GBM antibodies affecting both the kidneys (causing glomerulonephritis) and the lungs (causing pulmonary hemorrhage). Retinal hemorrhage is not a hallmark feature of this specific syndrome.
Conclusion: Correct Statements Identification
Only statements 1 and 2 provide accurate information regarding the nature and pathogenesis of anti-GBM disease and its associated autoantibodies.
Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Important Questions from Renal Failure
- Which of the following are the renal complications of radiological investigations?
1. Contrast nephrotoxicity
2. Cholesterol atheroembolism
3. Nephrogenic sclerosing fibrosis of skin
Select the correct answer using the code given below: - A middle aged diabetic male who has recurrent chest pain undergoes coronary artery angiogram. The following day, he develops haematuria, proteinuria and renal impairment. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- Which of the following are contraindications for renal biopsy?
1. Normal size kidney
2. Uncontrolled hypertension
3. Solitary kidney
4. Disordered coagulation
Select the correct answer using the code given below: - What is the target blood Hemoglobin level when treating anaemia in Stage-4 chronic kidney disease patient?
- Which one of the following complications of chronic kidney disease is observed in patients with low parathyroid hormone levels?
