Which of the following statements are correct regarding anti-glomerular basement membrane disease? 1. It is a rare autoimmune disease which presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. 2. Antibodies are formed against $α3$ chain of type 4 collagen GBM. 3. The $α3$ chain is expressed in basement membrane of glomerulus and the retina. 4. The disease may be associated with retinal hemorrhage when it is known as Goodpasture syndrome. Select the answer using the code given below :
Anti-GBM Disease: Statement Accuracy
Evaluating the correctness of statements about anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease:
Anti-GBM Disease: Autoimmune RPGN Characteristics
Correct. Anti-GBM disease is a rare autoimmune condition presenting as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). It involves the immune system attacking the body's own tissues, specifically the GBM.
Antibodies: Target Antigen ($α3$ Chain)
Correct. Autoantibodies in this disease target the $α3$ chain of type IV collagen, a key component of the glomerular basement membrane. This binding initiates the inflammatory cascade causing kidney damage.
Antigen Expression: Glomerulus vs. Retina
Incorrect. The pathogenic $α3$ chain of type IV collagen is primarily located in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and alveolar basement membrane (ABM). While type IV collagen exists elsewhere, its expression in retinal basement membranes is not the pathogenic target characteristic of this disease.
Goodpasture Syndrome: Clinical Definition
Incorrect. Goodpasture syndrome is defined by the presence of anti-GBM antibodies affecting both the kidneys (causing glomerulonephritis) and the lungs (causing pulmonary hemorrhage). Retinal hemorrhage is not a hallmark feature of this specific syndrome.
Conclusion: Correct Statements Identification
Only statements 1 and 2 provide accurate information regarding the nature and pathogenesis of anti-GBM disease and its associated autoantibodies.
Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Important Questions from Renal Failure
Which of the following are poor prognostic indictators in glomerular disease?
1. Female sex
2. Hypertension
3. Persistent and severe proteinuria
4. Elevated creatinine levels at presentation
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following are indications for a renal biopsy?
1. Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology
2. Nephritic syndrome
3. Uncontrolled severe hypertension
4. Renal transplant dysfunction
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- Which of the following is the correct range of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) for Stage 2 chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following drugs are effective in preventing uric acid nephropathy in patients receiving chemotherapy?
1. Probenecid
2. Forced saline diuresis
3. Rasburicase
4. Acetazolamide
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- Which one of the following drugs is associated with calciphylaxis in chronic kidney disease patients?
