Which of the following represents the ratio by mass of hydrogen to oxygen atoms (H:0) in a water molecule?
1 : 8
A water molecule, H2O, consists of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. To determine the ratio by mass of hydrogen to oxygen, we consider the atomic masses: hydrogen has an atomic mass of approximately 1 u (unified atomic mass unit), while oxygen has an atomic mass of approximately 16 u.
Calculate the total mass of the atoms in a water molecule:
- Mass of 2 hydrogen atoms = 2 x 1 u = 2 u
- Mass of 1 oxygen atom = 16 u
Total mass of the water molecule = 2 u (for hydrogen) + 16 u (for oxygen) = 18 u.
The ratio of the mass of hydrogen to oxygen is therefore 2 u (hydrogen) : 16 u (oxygen).
Simplifying this ratio:
- Divide both parts of the ratio by 2: 2/2 : 16/2 = 1 : 8
Thus, the mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in a water molecule is 1 : 8.
The correct answer is 1 : 8.
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