Which of the following is the joint military exercise between India and Nepal?
Surya Kiran
Joint military exercises are conducted between the armed forces of two or more nations to build mutual trust, exchange tactics and improve interoperability so that units from different armies can operate smoothly together during combined missions.
The bilateral exercise held between the armies of India and Nepal is named Surya Kiran, which translates to 'Rays of the Sun', reflecting the close and friendly ties between the two neighbouring Himalayan nations.
It is a battalion-level exercise conducted annually and held alternately in India and Nepal, so each edition rotates between the two countries.
The training focuses on counter-insurgency and jungle-warfare operations in mountainous and high-altitude terrain, along with humanitarian assistance and disaster-management drills under United Nations mandates.
Indra is the joint exercise conducted with Russia and spans the army, navy and air force, so its partner is Russia and not Nepal.
Vajra Prahar is a special-forces exercise conducted jointly with the United States, while Malabar is a multilateral naval exercise involving India, the United States, Japan and Australia; none of these involves Nepal.
Since only the Surya Kiran exercise pairs India with the Nepalese Army, the correct answer is Surya Kiran.
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