A technopolis is an urban region built around research and high-technology industry, and the textbook example is Silicon Valley — option 1.

What the term means. “Technopolis” combines techno (technology) with polis (city). It describes a planned or organically grown concentration in which universities, research laboratories, venture capital and knowledge-intensive firms cluster tightly enough that innovation itself becomes the city’s economic base. The defining feature is not size or wealth but the university-industry linkage at the core.

Why Silicon Valley fits. The Santa Clara Valley in California grew around Stanford University, whose Stanford Industrial Park of 1951 deliberately leased land to technology firms so that faculty and companies could work side by side. Semiconductor manufacture gave the region its name — silicon being the material of the integrated circuit — and it now hosts Apple, Google, Intel, Meta and thousands of start-ups, supported by the densest concentration of venture capital in the world.

Why the other three do not qualify. London, Paris and Moscow are all great world cities, but their economies rest on finance, administration, culture and manufacturing rather than on a research-driven technology cluster. They are metropolises, not technopolises — the distinction the question is testing.

Other technopolises worth knowing. Japan built Tsukuba Science City as a deliberate state project; Taiwan created Hsinchu Science Park; South Korea has Daedeok Innopolis; and in India, Bengaluru is routinely described as the country’s technopolis for the same reason — the clustering of information-technology firms around a base of research and engineering institutions.

Hence, the answer is Silicon valley.