The question asks to identify which option best describes the focus of the information processing approach to intelligence.

Information Processing Approach Explained

The information processing approach in psychology views the mind like a computer. It focuses on how individuals perceive, encode, store, retrieve, and manipulate information. It breaks down complex cognitive tasks into smaller, sequential steps or processes.

Evaluating Intelligence Perspectives

Let's examine how each option relates to this approach:

• Overall success in living: This is a broader, more practical definition of intelligence, often associated with theories like Sternberg's practical or successful intelligence, not specifically the processing steps.
• Structure of intelligence: This focuses on the components or factors that make up intelligence (e.g., general intelligence 'g', specific abilities). Theories like Spearman's or Thurstone's fall here, examining 'what' intelligence is composed of, not 'how' it works.
• Functions of intelligence: This considers the purpose or role of intelligence in adaptation or survival, which is different from examining the underlying mechanisms.
• Processes underlying intelligent behaviour: This option directly aligns with the information processing approach. It emphasizes studying the specific cognitive steps (like attention, memory, reasoning) that lead to intelligent actions and problem-solving. This approach dissects 'how' intelligent behaviour occurs.

Conclusion on Information Processing

Therefore, the perspective that examines the step-by-step cognitive operations involved in thinking and problem-solving is the information processing approach. This directly corresponds to understanding the processes underlying intelligent behaviour.