Which of the following are used in the management of hyperkalemia? 1. 10% calcium gluconate intravenously 2. Regular insulin and intravenous glucose 3. Nebulized ipratropium bromide 4. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Hyperkalemia Management Interventions
Evaluating the use of each listed item in the management of hyperkalemia:
- 10% calcium gluconate intravenously: Used primarily to stabilize cardiac cell membranes, reducing the risk of arrhythmias associated with high potassium levels. It does not lower serum potassium.
- Regular insulin and intravenous glucose: Insulin facilitates the shift of potassium from the extracellular fluid into the intracellular space, thus lowering serum potassium. Glucose is administered concurrently to prevent hypoglycemia.
- Nebulized ipratropium bromide: This is a bronchodilator used for respiratory conditions like COPD and asthma. It has no role in the direct management of hyperkalemia.
- Intravenous sodium bicarbonate: Can be used to treat hyperkalemia, particularly when metabolic acidosis is present. It promotes the movement of potassium into cells, helping to reduce serum potassium levels.
Correct Combination for Hyperkalemia Treatment
Based on the analysis, the interventions used in the management of hyperkalemia are:
- 10% calcium gluconate intravenously (for cardiac stabilization)
- Regular insulin and intravenous glucose (to shift potassium intracellularly)
- Intravenous sodium bicarbonate (to shift potassium intracellularly, especially with acidosis)
Therefore, items 1, 2, and 4 are used in hyperkalemia management.
Important Questions from Electrolyte Imbalance
- A patient presents with history of 'bones, stones and abdominal groans' – due to generalised aches and pains and renal calculus colic. Which is the most discriminatory blood investigation?
- Which one of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for management of severe hypercalcemia ?
Which of the following are used in calculating the serum osmolality?
1. Serum sodium
2. Glucose
3. Calcium
4. Blood urea nitrogen
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- Nebulized salbutamol is used in the management of which of the following electrolyte abnormality?
Which of the following are adverse effects of loop-acting and thiazide diuretics?
1. Metabolic acidosis
2. Hypovolemia
3. Hyponatremia
4. Hypokalaemia
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
