Which of the following are adverse effects of loop-acting and thiazide diuretics? 1. Metabolic acidosis 2. Hypovolemia 3. Hyponatremia 4. Hypokalaemia Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Diuretics Adverse Effects Analysis
This question asks to identify the adverse effects common to both loop-acting and thiazide diuretics from the given list.
Evaluating Potential Adverse Effects:
- 1. Metabolic acidosis: Both loop and thiazide diuretics typically cause metabolic alkalosis due to increased hydrogen ion excretion, not acidosis. Therefore, this is incorrect.
- 2. Hypovolemia: As diuretics, both drug classes increase fluid excretion, which can lead to decreased blood volume (hypovolemia). This is a common adverse effect.
- 3. Hyponatremia: Both loop and thiazide diuretics can impair the kidney's ability to reabsorb sodium, leading to low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia). This is a common adverse effect.
- 4. Hypokalaemia: Both classes of diuretics significantly increase the excretion of potassium in the urine, often resulting in low blood potassium levels (hypokalaemia). This is a very common adverse effect.
Conclusion on Adverse Effects:
Based on the analysis, the common adverse effects of loop-acting and thiazide diuretics from the list are Hypovolemia, Hyponatremia, and Hypokalaemia.
Selecting the Correct Option:
The correct option must include items 2, 3, and 4.
Option D includes 2, 3, and 4.
Important Questions from Electrolyte Imbalance
- A patient presents with history of 'bones, stones and abdominal groans' – due to generalised aches and pains and renal calculus colic. Which is the most discriminatory blood investigation?
- Which one of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for management of severe hypercalcemia ?
Which of the following are used in calculating the serum osmolality?
1. Serum sodium
2. Glucose
3. Calcium
4. Blood urea nitrogen
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following are used in the management of hyperkalemia?
1. 10% calcium gluconate intravenously
2. Regular insulin and intravenous glucose
3. Nebulized ipratropium bromide
4. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- Nebulized salbutamol is used in the management of which of the following electrolyte abnormality?
