Diuretics Adverse Effects Analysis

This question asks to identify the adverse effects common to both loop-acting and thiazide diuretics from the given list.

Evaluating Potential Adverse Effects:

• 1. Metabolic acidosis: Both loop and thiazide diuretics typically cause metabolic alkalosis due to increased hydrogen ion excretion, not acidosis. Therefore, this is incorrect.
• 2. Hypovolemia: As diuretics, both drug classes increase fluid excretion, which can lead to decreased blood volume (hypovolemia). This is a common adverse effect.
• 3. Hyponatremia: Both loop and thiazide diuretics can impair the kidney's ability to reabsorb sodium, leading to low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia). This is a common adverse effect.
• 4. Hypokalaemia: Both classes of diuretics significantly increase the excretion of potassium in the urine, often resulting in low blood potassium levels (hypokalaemia). This is a very common adverse effect.

Conclusion on Adverse Effects:

Based on the analysis, the common adverse effects of loop-acting and thiazide diuretics from the list are Hypovolemia, Hyponatremia, and Hypokalaemia.

Selecting the Correct Option:

The correct option must include items 2, 3, and 4.

Option D includes 2, 3, and 4.