Which of the following are poor prognostic indictators in glomerular disease? 1. Female sex 2. Hypertension 3. Persistent and severe proteinuria 4. Elevated creatinine levels at presentation Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Glomerular Disease Prognosis: Key Indicators Identified
Identifying factors that indicate a poor prognosis is crucial in managing glomerular diseases. These indicators help predict the likely course and outcome of the kidney condition.
Poor Prognostic Indicators in Glomerular Disease
Based on clinical evidence, the following factors are generally considered indicators of a poorer prognosis in patients with glomerular diseases:
- Hypertension: High blood pressure often exacerbates kidney damage and is associated with faster disease progression.
- Persistent and Severe Proteinuria: The continuous presence of significant amounts of protein in the urine (proteinuria) signifies ongoing, active damage to the glomeruli and is a strong predictor of worsening kidney function.
- Elevated Creatinine Levels at Presentation: A higher-than-normal level of creatinine in the blood when the disease is first diagnosed indicates impaired kidney function and is linked to a worse long-term outlook.
Non-Prognostic Indicator
While patient characteristics are important, Female sex is not typically listed as a primary poor prognostic indicator for glomerular diseases in the same category as the factors listed above. Prognosis is more strongly influenced by disease activity and severity markers.
Conclusion
Therefore, the combination of hypertension, persistent and severe proteinuria, and elevated creatinine levels at presentation represents poor prognostic indicators.
Correct Option Selection
The factors identified as poor prognostic indicators are 2 (Hypertension), 3 (Persistent and severe proteinuria), and 4 (Elevated creatinine levels at presentation). This corresponds to Option 3.
Important Questions from Renal Failure
Which of the following statements are correct regarding anti-glomerular basement membrane disease?
1. It is a rare autoimmune disease which presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
2. Antibodies are formed against $α3$ chain of type 4 collagen GBM.
3. The $α3$ chain is expressed in basement membrane of glomerulus and the retina.
4. The disease may be associated with retinal hemorrhage when it is known as Goodpasture syndrome.
Select the answer using the code given below :
Which of the following are indications for a renal biopsy?
1. Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology
2. Nephritic syndrome
3. Uncontrolled severe hypertension
4. Renal transplant dysfunction
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- Which of the following is the correct range of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) for Stage 2 chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following drugs are effective in preventing uric acid nephropathy in patients receiving chemotherapy?
1. Probenecid
2. Forced saline diuresis
3. Rasburicase
4. Acetazolamide
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- Which one of the following drugs is associated with calciphylaxis in chronic kidney disease patients?
