Which of the following are features of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease? 1. Cyst may also occur in liver, pancreas and arachnoid membrane. 2. Most commonly manifests between 20-30 years of age. 3. Clinical manifestations are renal and extrarenal. 4. Men tend to progress to renal failure more rapidly than women. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
ADPKD Features Analysis
Let's examine each statement regarding Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD):
- Statement 1: Cyst may also occur in liver, pancreas and arachnoid membrane. This is a recognized feature of ADPKD. While the kidneys are primarily affected, cysts frequently develop in other organs, notably the liver. Pancreatic and arachnoid cysts are less common but also occur.
- Statement 2: Most commonly manifests between 20-30 years of age. This statement is generally inaccurate. While diagnosis can occur at any age, the most common symptomatic period and diagnosis range for ADPKD is typically between 30 to 50 years old.
- Statement 3: Clinical manifestations are renal and extrarenal. This is correct. ADPKD involves kidney-specific (renal) complications like hypertension, pain, hematuria, and eventual renal failure, as well as issues outside the kidneys (extrarenal), such as liver cysts, brain aneurysms, and cardiac valve abnormalities.
- Statement 4: Men tend to progress to renal failure more rapidly than women. Evidence suggests that men often experience a faster decline in kidney function and reach end-stage renal disease earlier than women, although ADPKD affects both sexes significantly.
Conclusion on ADPKD Features
Based on the analysis:
- Statement 1 is correct.
- Statement 2 is incorrect.
- Statement 3 is correct.
- Statement 4 is correct.
Therefore, the correct features are 1, 3, and 4.
The correct option is the one that includes statements 1, 3, and 4.
Important Questions from Urinary System & Surgical Disorders
- A 20 years old man had history of pain in the right side of abdomen. His X-ray abdomen AP view shows radio-opaque shadow, which on lateral film falls behind the vertebral column. The probable diagnosis is:
- Urinary bladder can be injured in all of the following operations EXCEPT:
- Which of the following are correct about ectopic ureters ?
1. They are more common in males
2. They drain the upper pole of kidney
3. They are associated with duplex ureter
4. They may cause incontinence
Select the correct answer using the code given below : Which of the following statements are correct regarding renal cell carcinoma?
1. It arises from the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.
2. It has a female preponderance.
3. Major subtypes are clear cell, papillary and chromophobe.
4. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for disease. organ-confined
Select the answer using the code given below.
- Extracorporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is most commonly used for the treatment of
