Which of the following are correct regarding pathology of stress urinary incontinence? 1. Hypermobility of urethra 2. Ascend of bladder neck and proximal urethra above diaphragm 3. Lowered urethral pressure 4. Increased detrusor activity Select the answer using the code given below.
Stress Urinary Incontinence Pathology Explained
The question asks to identify the correct pathological features associated with Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI).
Statement Analysis
- 1. Hypermobility of urethra: This is a primary characteristic of SUI. Weakness in the pelvic floor muscles and supportive tissues causes the urethra and bladder neck to move excessively downwards and backwards during increased abdominal pressure, leading to leakage. This statement is correct.
- 2. Ascend of bladder neck and proximal urethra above diaphragm: This statement is incorrect. In SUI, the bladder neck and proximal urethra typically descend or become hypermobile downwards, not ascend.
- 3. Lowered urethral pressure: Reduced intrinsic sphincter function, often referred to as intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), results in lower urethral closure pressure. This makes it difficult for the urethra to remain closed against increases in intra-abdominal pressure. This statement is correct.
- 4. Increased detrusor activity: This is the primary pathology associated with urge incontinence, characterized by involuntary bladder muscle contractions, not stress incontinence. SUI is related to urethral support failure. This statement is incorrect.
Conclusion
The correct pathological features of stress urinary incontinence are urethral hypermobility and lowered urethral pressure.
Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are correct.
Important Questions from Urinary System & Surgical Disorders
Which of the following statements are correct regarding renal cell carcinoma?
1. It arises from the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.
2. It has a female preponderance.
3. Major subtypes are clear cell, papillary and chromophobe.
4. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for disease. organ-confined
Select the answer using the code given below.
Which of the following are features of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
1. Cyst may also occur in liver, pancreas and arachnoid membrane.
2. Most commonly manifests between 20-30 years of age.
3. Clinical manifestations are renal and extrarenal.
4. Men tend to progress to renal failure more rapidly than women.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- Extracorporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is most commonly used for the treatment of
Which of the following are correct about ectopic ureters ?
1. They are more common in males
2. They drain the upper pole of kidney
3. They are associated with duplex ureter
4. They may cause incontinence
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
- Anderson-Hynes plasty is a type of repair of
