Which material is commonly used for manufacturing gears in automotive transmission systems due to its strength and durability?
Alloy steel
The material selection principle is that transmission gears carry high torque and repeated shock loading, so they need high strength, surface hardness and fatigue resistance.
Alloy steel, usually case-hardened, gives a tough core with a hard wear-resistant tooth surface, exactly the combination needed to transmit power reliably and last long.
This is why alloy steel is the standard material for automotive transmission gears that mesh under continuous load.
Brass is comparatively soft and would wear and deform quickly under gear-tooth contact stresses, so it suits light-duty parts, not power gears.
Cast iron is strong in compression but brittle, so it cannot withstand the shock loads on transmission teeth without cracking.
Plastic lacks the strength and heat resistance for continuously loaded transmission gears, so it is unsuitable here.
Hence, the answer is Alloy steel.
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