Which ISRO mission detected the effects of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) on the Moon’s exosphere, marking a global first in 2025?
Chandrayaan-2
The orbiter of ISRO's Chandrayaan-2 mission carries the CHACE-2 (Chandra's Atmospheric Composition Explorer-2) payload, which studies the thin lunar exosphere.
CHACE-2 observed a clear rise in the pressure and density of the Moon's dayside exosphere when a Coronal Mass Ejection from the Sun struck the Moon. ISRO announced this in 2025 as the first-ever direct observation of the effect of a CME on the lunar exosphere.
Chandrayaan-3's lander operated on the lunar surface only for a short period in 2023, Aditya-L1 is a solar observatory stationed at the Sun-Earth L1 point and not around the Moon, and Chandrayaan-1 ended in 2009.
Hence, the answer is Chandrayaan-2.
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