Which is the oil refinery having maximum capacity in India ?
Koyali
Of the four refineries named, Koyali has the largest capacity — option 4.
About Koyali. The Gujarat Refinery at Koyali, near Vadodara, is operated by Indian Oil Corporation and was commissioned in 1965. It is IOC’s largest refinery and among the largest in the country, and it feeds the petrochemical complex beside it.
| Refinery | Operator | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Koyali, Gujarat | IOC | The largest of the four; commissioned 1965 |
| Barauni, Bihar | IOC | Commissioned 1964 with Soviet assistance; the state’s only refinery, fed by crude piped from Assam and now from Paradip |
| Mathura, Uttar Pradesh | IOC | Commissioned 1982; its emissions near the Taj Mahal were the subject of the M. C. Mehta case, which led to the Taj Trapezium Zone |
| Trombay, Maharashtra | HPCL | One of the oldest, from the 1950s, in Mumbai |
The national picture. India’s largest refinery by a wide margin, and the largest single-site refinery complex in the world, is Jamnagar in Gujarat, run by Reliance Industries; the largest in the public sector is the Jamnagar refinery of Nayara, followed by IOC’s Panipat and Koyali. Jamnagar is not among the options, so the question is asking which of these four is the largest.
Why refineries sit where they do. Three patterns: at the oilfield, as at Digboi in Assam, the oldest working refinery in the world; at the port, where imported crude lands, as at Jamnagar, Mumbai, Kochi and Chennai; and at the market, inland at the end of a crude pipeline, as at Mathura, Panipat and Barauni. Since India imports over 85 per cent of its crude, the coastal and pipeline-fed refineries dominate.
A Bihar note : Barauni in Begusarai district is the state’s only refinery, and its expansion, together with the Barauni fertiliser plant revived in 2019, is central to the state’s industrial planning.
Hence, the answer is Koyali.
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