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Question

Which base is present in soap?

This question was previously asked in
SSC CGL 2017 (Tier 1) Previous Year Paper (16-Aug-2017) (Shift 1)
The correct answer is

Sodium hydroxide

Soap is produced by saponification — the hydrolysis of fats or oils (triglycerides) with a strong alkali to yield the sodium/potassium salt of a fatty acid (soap) and glycerol.

Hard bar soaps use sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the only strong alkali among the choices. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is an acidic oxide (sand), calcium hydroxide gives insoluble "scum" soaps unsuitable for washing, and ammonium hydroxide is too weak and volatile for saponification. Hence the base in soap is NaOH.

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