Comprehension:

Read the following passage and answer the questions :
In India, more than 58.6% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes, over 40 million hectares (12%) of its land is prone to floods and river erosion; about 5,700 km, out of the 7,516 km long coastline is prone to cyclones and tsunamis; 68% of its cultivable area is vulnerable to droughts; hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches. However, there are risk due to manmade disasters also. Disaster risks can be further compounded by vulnerabilities related to changing demographics, poor socio-economic condition, unplanned urbanization, haphazard construction within high-risk zones, environmental degradation and poor management of natural resources, climate change, epidemics and pandemics. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has put together this 'National Guidelines on Temporary Shelters for the Disaster-Affected Families.' The document provides guidance to states to develop a systematic intermediate shelter response programme. These guidelines give early recovery framework, for use in post-disaster situations and it will help primarily to government officials from various disaster management authorities, technical, professionals, including engineers, architects and planners working in housing related agencies. Civil Society Organisations (CSO), Non-Governmental organisations (NGOs) and Private Sector involved in humanitarian and shelter response after disasters. The Guidelines are based on understanding that intermediate shelters are important not only for more effective planning of permanent housing but are critical for early recovery of daily livelihoods and recovery of their socio-cultural life. Intermediate shelters can set direction for long-term housing recovery. This document includes principles, implementation arrangements, roles and responsibilities, to ensure social inclusion.