Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage: The Viksit Bharat - Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act (VB-GRAM G), 2025, has been replaced by the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). The goal of this modification is to improve Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which protects the right to life. MGNREGA has improved socioeconomic conditions by facilitating wage payments, providing unemployment benefits, and promoting equal earnings. There has been sustainable development, and research has confirmed the impact of this program to raise earnings, alleviate poverty, and encourage school enrollment. In the past five years, women have comprised 58% of the workforce, significantly contributing to rural development, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given these factors, it is important to assess both the benefits and current challenges of the system. Despite MGNREGA's successes, the program has faced implementation challenges, mainly due to inadequate funding, as acknowledged by the Ministry of Finance. Delays in wage payments and fewer work opportunities have resulted from this lack of funds. Recent rules, such as introducing an attendance application that uses photos, have created new problems and made corruption easier. Due to these issues, the VB-GRAM G Act has introduced important changes, including sections 5(1) and 4(5), which give the Union Government greater control over the public works program.
What might be the author's overall purpose for discussing the development from MGNREGA to the VB-GRAM G Act?
Emphasize how institutional reforms try to maintain constitutionally provided rights while recognizing administrative weaknesses
The passage opens by crediting MGNREGA with concrete social gains: it facilitates wage payments, provides unemployment benefits, promotes equal earnings, and research confirms it raises earnings, alleviates poverty and encourages school enrolment.
Crucially, the author ties all of this to a constitutional anchor, saying the reform aims to improve Article 21, which protects the right to life. This frames rural employment as a rights-based guarantee, not merely an administrative scheme.
The passage then turns candid about failure, conceding implementation challenges caused mainly by inadequate funding acknowledged by the Ministry of Finance, along with delayed wages, fewer work opportunities, and a photo-attendance app that "created new problems and made corruption easier".
So the primary purpose lives in this balance: it holds up a constitutional right while honestly naming the administrative weaknesses that threaten it, which is exactly what option (3) captures.
Option (1) is wrong because the passage never argues that a rights-based framework must give way to an AI-based system; if anything the AI-style attendance app is criticised.
Option (2) overstates technology, claiming it will "necessarily" raise transparency, whereas the text shows tech easing corruption. Option (4) argues for less government, which the passage never endorses.
The purpose is best captured as Emphasize how institutional reforms try to maintain constitutionally provided rights while recognizing administrative weaknesses.
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Important Questions from Reading Comprehension
Why, according to the writer can't people be motivated to use a resource prudently?
1. They feel that others may overuse the resource
2. It is possible to substitute the resource
3. Abundance of the resource availability
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
When do people use resources exhaustively?
The self-interest of people affects the use of renewable resources
People rooted in a locality
Which among the following is closest in meaning with the word 'deplete'?
