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Question

What is the common characteristic of the elements of the same group in the periodic table?

This question was previously asked in
SSC CGL 2017 (Tier 1) Previous Year Paper (16-Aug-2017) (Shift 1)
The correct answer is

Electrons in the outer most shell

Elements in the same group (vertical column) of the periodic table share the same number of valence electrons — i.e. electrons in the outermost shell. This common valence configuration produces their similar chemical reactivity and bonding behaviour.

Total electrons and total protons differ for each element (they define separate atomic numbers), and atomic weight increases steadily down a group, so none of these stay constant within a group.

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