Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage: The Viksit Bharat - Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act (VB-GRAM G), 2025, has been replaced by the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). The goal of this modification is to improve Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which protects the right to life. MGNREGA has improved socioeconomic conditions by facilitating wage payments, providing unemployment benefits, and promoting equal earnings. There has been sustainable development, and research has confirmed the impact of this program to raise earnings, alleviate poverty, and encourage school enrollment. In the past five years, women have comprised 58% of the workforce, significantly contributing to rural development, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given these factors, it is important to assess both the benefits and current challenges of the system. Despite MGNREGA's successes, the program has faced implementation challenges, mainly due to inadequate funding, as acknowledged by the Ministry of Finance. Delays in wage payments and fewer work opportunities have resulted from this lack of funds. Recent rules, such as introducing an attendance application that uses photos, have created new problems and made corruption easier. Due to these issues, the VB-GRAM G Act has introduced important changes, including sections 5(1) and 4(5), which give the Union Government greater control over the public works program.
What does "sustainable development" mean most nearly in the context of the passage?
Improvements relating to long-term socioeconomic benefits for rural households via stable program design
This is a meaning-in-context question about the phrase "sustainable development" as the passage uses it.
The passage places "sustainable development" directly beside its confirmed outcomes: research shows the program raises earnings, alleviates poverty, and encourages school enrolment.
These are lasting socioeconomic gains for rural households, and they are achieved through the ongoing, well-structured design of the scheme rather than through a one-off intervention.
That points to durable, long-run welfare built on a stable program, which is exactly option (3).
Option (1) stresses only short-term job creation with uncertain long-term welfare, the opposite of "sustainable". Option (2) emphasises fast infrastructure without administrative viability, which the passage does not mention.
Option (4) reduces the idea to technological diffusion, but the text ties sustainability to earnings, poverty relief and schooling, not to technology.
In context the phrase most nearly means Improvements relating to long-term socioeconomic benefits for rural households via stable program design.
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Important Questions from Reading Comprehension
Why, according to the writer can't people be motivated to use a resource prudently?
1. They feel that others may overuse the resource
2. It is possible to substitute the resource
3. Abundance of the resource availability
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
When do people use resources exhaustively?
The self-interest of people affects the use of renewable resources
People rooted in a locality
Which among the following is closest in meaning with the word 'deplete'?
