An optical pyrometer measures the temperature of a surface by detecting the intensity of light emitted by the hot object. It's a non-contact method, meaning it doesn't require physical contact with the object being measured, making it suitable for measuring extremely high temperatures where traditional thermometers would be impractical or impossible to use.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Relative density of liquids and volume of liquids are measured using hydrometers and volumetric glassware, respectively.
- Pressure of gases is measured using manometers or pressure gauges.
Therefore, the correct answer is that an optical pyrometer measures the temperature of the surface.
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