What component is responsible for pressurizing the brake fluid when the brake pedal is applied?
Master cylinder
In a hydraulic braking system the driver's foot effort has to be converted into fluid pressure, and the component that performs this conversion is the master cylinder.
When the brake pedal is pressed, a pushrod drives a piston forward inside the master cylinder bore, closing off the compensating port and squeezing the trapped brake fluid.
Because liquids are practically incompressible, this squeezing raises the pressure of the fluid, which is transmitted equally through the brake lines to every wheel (Pascal's law).
The wheel cylinder is a receiving unit: it takes the pressure created upstream and pushes the brake shoes outward, so it does not originate the pressure itself.
The brake drum is only the rotating surface the shoes rub against, and the pedal return spring merely pulls the pedal back after release, so neither builds pressure.
Thus the single part that actually generates and pressurizes the brake fluid on pedal application is the master cylinder.
Hence, the answer is Master cylinder.
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