"There is smoke on the distant hill. Since smoke is always accompanied by fire, the hill must have fire too." Which of the terms corresponds to the Sadhya (major term) in the above argument according to classical Indian school of Logic?
Fire
In the given argument, "There is smoke on the distant hill. Since smoke is always accompanied by fire, the hill must have fire too," we are tasked with identifying the Sadhya (major term) according to classical Indian logic.
In Indian logic, particularly in Nyaya, a form of syllogistic reasoning is used which includes the terms: Pratijna (proposition), Hetu (reason), Dristanta (example), Upanaya (application), and Nigamana (conclusion).
In this context:
- Pratijna (Proposition): The hill must have fire.
- Hetu (Reason): Because there is smoke on the hill.
- Dristanta (Example): Whenever there is smoke, there is fire (e.g., in a kitchen).
- Upanaya (Application): Similar to other instances where smoke is accompanied by fire.
- Nigamana (Conclusion): Therefore, there is fire on the hill.
The Sadhya (major term) refers to the main idea or the conclusion that needs to be established. In this argument, the major term that we are concluding or proving is the presence of fire on the hill.
Now, let us examine why the other options are not the Sadhya:
- Hill: This is the subject where the inference is taking place, not the conclusion itself.
- Smoke: This is the Hetu or the reason provided in the argument.
- Smoky hill: This is a premise used to describe the context but not the conclusion.
Hence, the correct answer to the question is: Fire.
Similar Questions
Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Indian logic treats induction and deduction as separate processes.
Statement II : Indian logic does not reject the verbalist view of logic.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Consider the following with reference to the Indian School of logic
(a) It is related to form of the argument only
(b) It is related to the content of the argument only
(c) It is related to perceptual knowledge alone
(d) It is related to presenting analogies alone
Choose your answer from the following options:
Important Questions from Indian Logic
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: According to Classical Indian Logicians (Naiyāyikas) the inference from the effect of the cause is called Purvāvāt.
Statement II: According to Naiyāyikas the inference of cause from the effect is not possible.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A) : The Naiya̅yikas did not give separate treatment of the inductive methods, as the western logicians have done.
Reasons (R) : According to Nya̅ya school universal propostions are obtained from perception itself by one of the forms of extra-ordinary perception.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
According to the classical Indian School of Logic which of the following steps of inference involve the application of the universal concomitance to the present case?
(A) This hill has a fire
(B) Because it has smoke
(C) Whatever has smoke has fire, e.g. an oven
(D) This hill has smoke which is invariably associated with fire
(E) Therefore the hill has a fire
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements
Statement I: According to Classical Indian School of Logic, the method of induction is used to affirm the major premise, since generality or universality cannot be perceived.
Statement II: Classical Indian Logicians give separate treatment of the inductive method.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
Which of the following are admitted by the Naiyayikas (Indian Logicians) as kinds of Inferences?
(A) Inference of the effect from the cause
(B) Inference of the cause from the effect
(C) Inference from knowledge of similarity between two kinds of objects
(D) Inference from observation for general inseparability
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
