Types of research are given in List I and their descriptions in List II. Match List I and List II and choose the correct answer from the code given below. List I (Types of Research) List II (Description)a) True experimental research i) Exploring the possibility of use of theory in varied situations b) Basic research ii) Judging the worth of a particular practice c) Applied research iii) Concerned with theory building and explaining natural phenomena d) Evaluation research iv) Cause-effect relationship between manipulated conditions and measured outcome v) Investigate causation despite non-random assignment and lack of complete control
a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
Matching Research Types with Descriptions
The question asks us to match different types of research listed in List I with their appropriate descriptions provided in List II. Understanding the core purpose and characteristics of each research type is crucial for a correct match.
Let's analyze each research type and find its corresponding description:
- True Experimental Research: This type of research is designed to establish a cause-effect relationship. It involves manipulating an independent variable (the presumed cause) while controlling other variables and measuring the effect on a dependent variable (the presumed outcome). A key characteristic is typically random assignment of participants to different conditions. Description (iv) "Cause-effect relationship between manipulated conditions and measured outcome" perfectly fits true experimental research.
- Basic Research (or Fundamental Research): The primary goal of basic research is to expand theoretical knowledge and understanding, without immediate concern for practical application. It focuses on theory building and explaining fundamental phenomena in the natural or social world. Description (iii) "Concerned with theory building and explaining natural phenomena" accurately describes basic research.
- Applied Research: Unlike basic research, applied research is conducted to solve specific, practical problems in real-world situations. It aims to apply existing theories or knowledge to address a particular issue or improve a practice. Description (i) "Exploring the possibility of use of theory in varied situations" aligns with applied research, as it explores how theoretical knowledge can be applied practically.
- Evaluation Research: This is a type of applied research used to assess the worth, merit, or effectiveness of a program, policy, intervention, or practice. It is conducted to make judgments about whether something is achieving its intended goals. Description (ii) "Judging the worth of a particular practice" is the core purpose of evaluation research.
Based on this analysis, the correct matching is:
| List I (Types of Research) | Matching Description from List II | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| a) True experimental research | iv) Cause-effect relationship between manipulated conditions and measured outcome | True experiments manipulate variables to see their effect, establishing causation. |
| b) Basic research | iii) Concerned with theory building and explaining natural phenomena | Basic research seeks fundamental knowledge and aims to build theories. |
| c) Applied research | i) Exploring the possibility of use of theory in varied situations | Applied research uses existing theories to solve practical problems. |
| d) Evaluation research | ii) Judging the worth of a particular practice | Evaluation research assesses the effectiveness or value of practices or programs. |
Therefore, the correct matching is a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii.
Checking the Options
Let's compare our derived matching (a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii) with the given options:
- Option 1: a-i, b-v, c-iii, d-iv (Incorrect)
- Option 2: a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii (Correct)
- Option 3: a-ii, b-v, c-iii, d-iv (Incorrect)
- Option 4: a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i (Incorrect)
Option 2 matches our correct mapping.
Conclusion
By carefully analyzing the definitions and purposes of each research type, we can accurately match them with their descriptions. True experimental research is about cause-effect with manipulation, basic research is about theory building, applied research is about using theory in practice, and evaluation research judges worth.
Research Methodology Revision Table
| Research Type | Primary Goal | Key Characteristic |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Research | Expand knowledge, build theory | Theoretical, fundamental understanding |
| Applied Research | Solve practical problems | Practical application of knowledge |
| Evaluation Research | Assess worth or effectiveness | Judgmental, program/practice focus |
| True Experimental Research | Establish cause-effect | Manipulation, control, random assignment (often) |
Additional Information on Research Types
Understanding the different types of research helps in designing studies and interpreting findings correctly. While basic research expands the knowledge base, applied research puts that knowledge to work. Evaluation research is a specific type of applied research focused on judging value. True experimental research is considered the gold standard for establishing causal relationships due to its rigorous control over variables.
Description (v) mentioned in List II, "Investigate causation despite non-random assignment and lack of complete control," typically refers to Quasi-Experimental Research. This type of research also aims to investigate cause-effect but lacks the random assignment characteristic of true experiments, making it harder to definitively attribute causality.
Important Questions from Types of Research - Teaching
Match List I with List II :
List I
Methods of research
List II
Features emphasized
(A)
Experimental
(I)
Primary and secondary sources tapped with emphasis on internal criticism
(B)
ExPost Facto
(II)
Status of facts and conditions are ascertained
(C)
Descriptive
(III)
A variable is manipulated to see its effect on other variable
(D)
Historical
(IV)
The differences are noted and facts causal or otherwise are determined
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Match List I with List II
List I
List II
Research Types
Goal of Research
(A) Fundamental Research
(I) Appraising impact of interventions
(B) Applied Research
(II) Amelioration of a given situation
(C) Action of Research
(III) Exploring applicability of already established principles
(D) Evaluative Research
(IV) Advancing the corpus of knowledge in a field
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II
List I
List II
A.
Ex post facto Research
I.
Finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organisation
B.
Applied Research
II.
Related to some abstract idea(s) or theory
C.
Conceptual Research
III.
Development of hypotheses rather than their testing
D.
Exploratory Research
IV.
No control over variables, reports only what has happened or what is happening
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Hypothesis testing which results into either affirmation or disaffirmation is the explicit concern in which methods of research?
(A) Descriptive method
(B) Experimental method
(C) Ex Post Facto method
(D) Historical method
(E) Exegetical method
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
When the independent variable is explored rather than manipulated, to observe the effect on dependent variable, the method of research is called.
