Match List I with List II Choose the correct answer from the options given below:List I List II (Theory/concept) (Description) (A) Development of theories (I) Assessment studies (B) Finding solution of immediate problems in a particular setting without generalisation of findings beyond the situation studied (II) Applied Research (C) Adaptation of theories (III) Action Research (D) No hyphotheses are proposed or tested (IV) Basic Research
Matching Research Types with Their Descriptions
This question asks us to match different types of research and research concepts with their corresponding descriptions. Understanding the core purpose and characteristics of each research type is key to finding the correct matches.
Understanding the Research Types and Concepts
Let's look at the different types and concepts listed in List I and List II:
- Basic Research (also called Fundamental or Pure Research): This type of research is driven by a curiosity or interest in a scientific question. Its primary goal is to expand knowledge and understanding of phenomena, often leading to the development of new theories or principles. It doesn't necessarily aim to solve an immediate practical problem.
- Applied Research: This research uses existing knowledge and theories to solve specific, practical problems or address real-world issues. It seeks to find solutions that can be directly applied in a particular setting or context. It often adapts existing theories to new situations.
- Action Research: This is a practical, reflective approach used by practitioners (like teachers, managers, or community workers) to solve an immediate problem in their specific setting. The findings are typically not intended for generalization beyond that particular situation, although they can inform future action research. It involves a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting.
- Assessment Studies: These studies typically involve describing a situation, evaluating a program, policy, or outcome, or determining needs. They focus on gathering information to make informed decisions or understand a current state. While they might be part of research, they don't necessarily involve proposing or testing hypotheses derived from theories in the way that basic or applied research often does.
Matching List I with List II
Now let's match the concepts/theories from List I with the descriptions from List II based on our understanding:
- (A) Development of theories: This is the primary aim of Basic Research. Basic research expands fundamental knowledge, which can lead to the formulation of new theories. This matches with (IV) Basic Research.
- (B) Finding solution of immediate problems in a particular setting without generalisation of findings beyond the situation studied: This description perfectly fits Action Research. Action research is context-specific and focused on immediate, localized problem-solving. This matches with (III) Action Research.
- (C) Adaptation of theories: Applied Research often takes existing theories developed through basic research and adapts or uses them to solve practical problems in specific contexts. This matches with (II) Applied Research.
- (D) No hypotheses are proposed or tested: While some research, especially descriptive or exploratory studies, might not explicitly test hypotheses, Assessment Studies are a strong example where the focus is often on describing or evaluating something without necessarily positing and testing a theoretical relationship (a hypothesis). This matches with (I) Assessment studies.
Summary of the Correct Matching
Based on the analysis, the correct matches are:
| List I (Theory/concept) | List II (Description) | Matching Type/Study |
|---|---|---|
| (A) Development of theories | (IV) Basic Research | (A) - (IV) |
| (B) Finding solution of immediate problems in a particular setting without generalisation of findings beyond the situation studied | (III) Action Research | (B) - (III) |
| (C) Adaptation of theories | (II) Applied Research | (C) - (II) |
| (D) No hypotheses are proposed or tested | (I) Assessment studies | (D) - (I) |
Final Answer Derivation
The correct matching is (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I).
Revision Table: Key Research Concepts
| Research Type | Primary Goal | Generalizability | Relationship with Theory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic Research | Expand fundamental knowledge, develop theories | High (aims for universal principles) | Develops new theories |
| Applied Research | Solve practical problems | Moderate (specific contexts, but findings can inform similar situations) | Applies or adapts existing theories |
| Action Research | Solve immediate problems in a specific setting | Low (specific to the context studied) | Informs practice, may generate local insights |
| Assessment Studies | Describe or evaluate a situation, program, or need | Varies (often descriptive of a specific group/context) | May use frameworks but not always theory-testing |
Additional Information on Research Methodology
Understanding different research types is crucial in research methodology. The choice of research type depends heavily on the research question, the purpose of the study, and the context in which the research is conducted.
- Basic research forms the foundation upon which applied research is built. New discoveries and theories from basic research provide the tools and understanding needed for applied research to develop practical solutions.
- Applied research bridges the gap between theory and practice. It translates theoretical knowledge into practical applications.
- Action research empowers practitioners to be researchers in their own environment, fostering continuous improvement and reflective practice.
- Assessment studies provide essential data for decision-making, planning, and evaluating effectiveness in various fields like education, social sciences, and public policy.
These research types are not always mutually exclusive and can sometimes overlap or inform each other.
Important Questions from Types of Research - Teaching
Match List I with List II :
List I
Methods of research
List II
Features emphasized
(A)
Experimental
(I)
Primary and secondary sources tapped with emphasis on internal criticism
(B)
ExPost Facto
(II)
Status of facts and conditions are ascertained
(C)
Descriptive
(III)
A variable is manipulated to see its effect on other variable
(D)
Historical
(IV)
The differences are noted and facts causal or otherwise are determined
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Match List I with List II
List I
List II
Research Types
Goal of Research
(A) Fundamental Research
(I) Appraising impact of interventions
(B) Applied Research
(II) Amelioration of a given situation
(C) Action of Research
(III) Exploring applicability of already established principles
(D) Evaluative Research
(IV) Advancing the corpus of knowledge in a field
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II
List I
List II
A.
Ex post facto Research
I.
Finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organisation
B.
Applied Research
II.
Related to some abstract idea(s) or theory
C.
Conceptual Research
III.
Development of hypotheses rather than their testing
D.
Exploratory Research
IV.
No control over variables, reports only what has happened or what is happening
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Hypothesis testing which results into either affirmation or disaffirmation is the explicit concern in which methods of research?
(A) Descriptive method
(B) Experimental method
(C) Ex Post Facto method
(D) Historical method
(E) Exegetical method
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
When the independent variable is explored rather than manipulated, to observe the effect on dependent variable, the method of research is called.
