The term ‘Environmental Impact Assessment’ has come from which legislation ?
National Environmental Policy Act, 1969
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as a legal requirement originated in the United States through the National Environmental Policy Act, 1969 (NEPA), signed into law on 1 January 1970. Section 102(2)(C) of NEPA requires federal agencies to prepare a detailed environmental impact statement for major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.
In India, EIA came later - it was made mandatory by the EIA Notification of 1994 (replaced in 2006), issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The Water Act, 1974 and the Air Act, 1981 deal with prevention and control of pollution through Pollution Control Boards, not EIA.
Hence, the answer is National Environmental Policy Act, 1969.
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