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Question

The strongest acid among the following is :

The correct answer is

[SbF6]–H2F+

Very strong acids are compared by the Hammett acidity function \(H_{0}\) (more negative = stronger), since in water they are all levelled to H3O+. An acid stronger than 100% sulfuric acid (\(H_{0} \approx -12\)) is called a superacid.

Mixing HF with the strong Lewis acid SbF5 gives fluoroantimonic acid: \(2HF + SbF_{5} \rightarrow H_{2}F^{+} + SbF_{6}^{-}\). The SbF6– anion is an extremely weak, non-nucleophilic base with its charge spread over six fluorine atoms, so the H2F+ cation is an extraordinarily strong proton donor.

The \(H_{0}\) of HF–SbF5 mixtures reaches roughly –21 to –28, many orders of magnitude beyond 100% H2SO4.

HNO3 is weaker than H2SO4, and HI, though the strongest hydrohalic acid (aqueous pKa about –10), is far weaker than a superacid.

Therefore fluoroantimonic acid is the strongest acid in the list.

Hence, [SbF6]–H2F+.

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