Sequence of Events Explained
Understanding the progression from a health condition to societal disadvantage involves recognizing a specific sequence. This sequence typically starts with an underlying disease or disorder.
Disease Definition
A Disease refers to a specific pathological process affecting an organism, often characterized by identifiable signs and symptoms.
Impairment Definition
Following a disease, an Impairment arises. This is any loss or abnormality of a psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function.
- Example: Loss of a limb after an accident or illness.
Disability Definition
An Impairment can lead to a Disability. This represents a functional limitation resulting from the impairment, affecting the ability to perform certain activities.
- Example: Inability to walk due to the loss of a limb.
Handicap Definition
A Disability may result in a Handicap. This is a disadvantage in a particular situation, founded on the impairment or disability, which limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for that individual in society.
- Example: Difficulty securing employment due to the inability to perform tasks required for a job, stemming from the inability to walk.
Causal Chain Analysis
The established sequence linking these concepts, as recognized in health and rehabilitation models, is:
Disease $\rightarrow$ Impairment $\rightarrow$ Disability $\rightarrow$ Handicap
This progression illustrates how a disease leads to structural/functional abnormalities (impairment), which cause limitations in activity (disability), ultimately resulting in social disadvantages (handicap).
Important Questions from Disease
- Which of the following are the characteristic features of screening tests?
1. Done on healthy people
2. Done on unhealthy people
3. More accurate
4. Less accurate
5. Less expensive
6. More expensive
7. Not a basis for treatment
8. Used as a base for treatment
Select the correct answer using the code given below: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List-I (Major Group of Insecticides) List-II (Name of Insecticide) A. Stomach poison 1. Temephos B. Organo-chlorine compound 2. Propoxur C. Organo-phosphorous compound 3. Sodium fluoride D. Carbamates 4. Dieldrin - With reference to mumps, consider the following statements:
1. The average age of incidence of mumps is higher than that of measles and chicken pox.
2. The mumps disease tends to be more severe in adults than in children.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? - Consider the following features of food poisoning:
'Incubation period less than 24 hours, source of infection is milk products, and symptoms include diarrhoea and vomiting.'
To which of the following does the above description apply?
1. Staphylococcal food poisoning
2. Salmonella food poisoning
3. Botulism
Select the correct answer using the code given below: Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Disease) List II (Example) A. Nosocomial 1. Cytomegaloviral infection B. Opportunistic 2. Hepatitis B viral infection C. Iatrogenic 3. Aplastic anemia D. Epornithic 4. Influenza
