The number of scientific payloads on Aditya L – 1 mission for systematic study of Sun is
7
Aditya-L1 carries seven payloads — option 3.
The mission. India’s first dedicated solar observatory was launched by ISRO on 2 September 2023 on a PSLV-XL, and was inserted into a halo orbit around the first Sun-Earth Lagrange point, L1, on 6 January 2024. L1 lies about 1·5 million kilometres from the Earth, on the line towards the Sun — about one hundredth of the distance to the Sun itself.
The seven payloads :
| Instrument | What it studies |
|---|---|
| VELC — Visible Emission Line Coronagraph | The corona and coronal mass ejections; the primary payload |
| SUIT — Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope | The photosphere and chromosphere in the ultraviolet |
| SoLEXS — Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer | Soft X-rays from flares |
| HEL1OS — High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer | Hard X-rays from flares |
| ASPEX — Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment | Protons and heavier ions of the solar wind |
| PAPA — Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya | Composition of the solar wind |
| Magnetometer | The interplanetary magnetic field |
Why L1 was chosen. At that point the gravitational pulls of the Sun and the Earth combine to let a spacecraft keep pace with the Earth in its orbit. A satellite there can therefore watch the Sun continuously, without eclipse or occultation, and it sees disturbances in the solar wind about an hour before they reach the Earth — which is what makes it valuable for space-weather warning.
Why it matters. Coronal mass ejections can disable satellites, disrupt radio communication, damage power grids and endanger astronauts. Four of the five Lagrange points are used by other observatories too; L1 is the classic station for solar watch, occupied also by SOHO and by the Wind and ACE spacecraft.
Hence, the answer is 7.
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