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Question

The main feature of Memorandum of Holt Mackenzie of 1822 was _____

This question was previously asked in
MH SET 2025 Paper 2 Hindi Question Paper (15-Jun-2025)
The correct answer is

Combining features of zamindari and ryotwari

Combining features of zamindari and ryotwari option is correct.

Holt Mackenzie’s Memorandum of 1 July 1822, presented as Secretary in the Territorial Department of the North-Western Provinces, laid the foundation of the Mahalwari settlement later formalised by Regulation VII of 1822 and refined under R.M. Bird in 1833. Mackenzie proposed that revenue be assessed on the mahal or village estate as a whole (the joint-body of co-sharing proprietors), while the actual demand was apportioned among the individual cultivator-shareholders — a hybrid that borrowed the estate-level engagement of zamindari and the peasant-level identification of ryotwari.

Permanent settlement was Cornwallis’s 1793 policy Mackenzie’s memorandum expressly criticised; the offices of Collector and Tahsildar had been introduced earlier under Warren Hastings and later Bengal regulations. Only the zamindari-plus-ryotwari synthesis is distinctive of the 1822 Memorandum.

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