The ‘Hawthorne effect’ refers to which group-related phenomenon ?
People alter their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed
The Hawthorne studies (1924–1932) were conducted at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company near Chicago, with Elton Mayo and his colleagues.
Workers’ output rose under almost every change in working conditions, even when conditions were made worse. The researchers concluded that the workers were responding to the attention they received and to the knowledge that they were being studied. This tendency of people to change their behaviour when they know they are being observed is called the Hawthorne effect.
Doing as little as possible in a group is social loafing (the Ringelmann effect); one person doing most of the work is linked to the free-rider problem; one member arguing against the majority describes a dissenter or devil’s advocate. These are different group phenomena.
Hence, the answer is People alter their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed.
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