A branchial fistula is a congenital abnormality that arises from the incomplete obliteration of the second branchial cleft during embryonic development.
The external opening of a typical branchial fistula is characteristically located along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
This anatomical position corresponds to the lower third of the neck.
Therefore, the external opening of a branchial fistula is present in the lower third of the neck.