The eight upright columns of squares on a chessboard are called ‘files’, so the eight lateral rows of squares are called:
Ranks
A chessboard is an 8×8 grid of 64 squares. In standard chess terminology the vertical columns (running from one player to the other) are called files, labelled a–h.
The horizontal rows, running across the board from a player's left to right, are called ranks and are numbered 1–8 from White's side.
Diagonals are the slanting lines of same-coloured squares, castling is a special king-rook move, and "clocks" refers to the time-keeping devices, not any set of squares.
Hence, the answer is ranks.
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