The correct trend of \(\Delta_{0}\) for chromium (III) complexes [Cr(CN)6]3–, [Cr(en)3]3+, [Cr(H2O)6]3+ and [Cr(NH3)6]3+ is :
[Cr(CN)6]3– > [Cr(en)3]3+ > [Cr(NH3)6]3+ > [Cr(H2O)6]3+
All four complexes contain the same metal ion, Cr3+ (d3), so \(\Delta_{o}\) depends only on the position of the ligand in the spectrochemical series.
The series order of these ligands is H2O < NH3 < en < CN–. Cyanide is a strong σ-donor and π-acceptor; en is a slightly stronger σ-donor than NH3 (chelate, more basic N); water is a weaker σ-donor and a π-donor.
Measured values (from the lowest-energy d–d band) are approximately: [Cr(CN)6]3– ≈ 26,600 cm–1, [Cr(en)3]3+ ≈ 21,900 cm–1, [Cr(NH3)6]3+ ≈ 21,500 cm–1 and [Cr(H2O)6]3+ ≈ 17,400 cm–1.
So the splitting decreases in the order cyanide > en > ammonia > water complex.
Hence, [Cr(CN)6]3– > [Cr(en)3]3+ > [Cr(NH3)6]3+ > [Cr(H2O)6]3+.
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.................... is a client server application that identifies each host on the internet with a unique user-friendly name.
Every OS has a ................ or .......... which primarily resides in the main memory of the computer to perform some of the basic functions of the OS.
(i) Kernel
(ii) Interface
(iii) Nucleus
(iv) Compiler
Codes:
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(i) Machine language
(ii) Assembly language
(iii) High level language
(iv) Natural language
Codes:
Match the following:
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