Carbene Hybridization Explained
Singlet Carbene Hybridization
In singlet carbene, the carbon atom has a lone pair of electrons and forms two covalent bonds. It has a total of three electron domains (two bonds and one lone pair). According to VSEPR theory, this arrangement leads to a bent geometry and requires $sp^2$ hybridization. One $sp^2$ orbital accommodates the lone pair, two $sp^2$ orbitals form sigma bonds with other atoms, and the remaining unhybridized p orbital is empty.
Triplet Carbene Hybridization
In triplet carbene, the carbon atom has two unpaired electrons (one in each of two different orbitals) and forms two covalent bonds. With two bonds and two separate unpaired electrons, the carbon atom effectively uses two hybrid orbitals for bonding and has two unhybridized orbitals. This requires $sp$ hybridization. The two $sp$ orbitals form sigma bonds, while the two perpendicular, unhybridized p orbitals contain the single electrons, following Hund's rule.
Conclusion
Therefore, the carbon atom in singlet carbene is $sp^2$ hybridized, and the carbon atom in triplet carbene is $sp$ hybridized.
The correct option is C.
Similar Questions
- The $K_a$ value of acetic acid is $1.8 \times 10^{-5}$. What would be the degree of ionization of 0.02 M acetic acid, containing 0.01 M Sodium acetate in it ?
- An electric current of 0.50A from a 12V supply is passed for 300 sec through a resistance in thermal contact with water and the water is allowed to boil under a pressure of 1.0 atm. The value of enthalpy change during the process, if 0.798 gm of water is vaporised, will be :
- The integrated rate law and half-life equation for an first order reaction would be :
The Miller indices of the shown lattice plane in a simple cubic Bravais lattice are :
The R/S configuration of C - 2 and C - 3 in the given molecule will be :
Predict the % product formation in the given reaction :
- Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The Arrhenius equation predicts that the rate constant of a reaction can be decreased by increasing the temperature or by decreasing the activation energy.
Reason (R) : Changing the temperature of a reaction mixture is easy to do, however reducing the activation energy is more challenging in a reaction.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : - Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : A gas is confined by a piston at pressure 'P' and the external pressure is $P_{ex}$. If the $P_{ex}$ is measurably greater then internal pressure, then decreasing $P_{ex}$ infinitesimally will not decrease it below the pressure of the gas and will not change the direction of the process.
Reason (R) : The system is in mechanical equilibrium with its surrounding and the compression is thermodynamically reversible.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : - Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Diastereomers are achiral molecules have superposable mirror images.
Reason (R) : Diastereomers are compounds have different physical properties.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : - Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Boiling point of cis isomers is higher than trans isomers.
Reason (R) : The Dipole moment of cis isomers is higher than trans isomers.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Important Questions from Miscellaneous
- Which of the following scheduler/schedulers is/are also called CPU scheduler ?
(A). Short Term Scheduler
(B). Long Term Scheduler
(C). Medium Term Scheduler
(D). Asymmetric Scheduler
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - A situation where two or more processes are blocked, waiting for resources held by each other is called:
- External fragmentation occurs ________.
- Which disk scheduling algorithm looks for the track closest to the current head position?
- Which CPU scheduling algorithm prefers the process with the shortest burst time?
