Carbene Hybridization Explained
Singlet Carbene Hybridization
In singlet carbene, the carbon atom has a lone pair of electrons and forms two covalent bonds. It has a total of three electron domains (two bonds and one lone pair). According to VSEPR theory, this arrangement leads to a bent geometry and requires $sp^2$ hybridization. One $sp^2$ orbital accommodates the lone pair, two $sp^2$ orbitals form sigma bonds with other atoms, and the remaining unhybridized p orbital is empty.
Triplet Carbene Hybridization
In triplet carbene, the carbon atom has two unpaired electrons (one in each of two different orbitals) and forms two covalent bonds. With two bonds and two separate unpaired electrons, the carbon atom effectively uses two hybrid orbitals for bonding and has two unhybridized orbitals. This requires $sp$ hybridization. The two $sp$ orbitals form sigma bonds, while the two perpendicular, unhybridized p orbitals contain the single electrons, following Hund's rule.
Conclusion
Therefore, the carbon atom in singlet carbene is $sp^2$ hybridized, and the carbon atom in triplet carbene is $sp$ hybridized.
The correct option is C.
Similar Questions
- Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Boiling point of cis isomers is higher than trans isomers.
Reason (R) : The Dipole moment of cis isomers is higher than trans isomers.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : - Choose the correct sequence on the basis of number of unpaired electrons present in the given field :
A. $\text{Cr (+ II)}$ in weak field
B. $\text{Co (+ II)}$ in strong field
C. $\text{Ni (+ II)}$ in strong field
D. $\text{Pt (+ II)}$ in weak field
E. $\text{Ag (+ II)}$ in strong field
Choose the correct answer from the options given below : - Choose the correct sequence of the elements arranged in their increasing order of atomic numbers:
A. Pu
B. Po
C. Pm
D. Pt
E. Pa
Choose the correct answer from the options given below : Arrange the Hydrogen of the following compounds from most acidic to least acidic :
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :- Which of the following molecules possess V-shape ?
A. $\text{O}_{3}$
B. $\text{N}_{3}^{-}$
C. $\text{CO}_{3}^{2-}$
D. $\text{NO}_{2}^{-}$
E. $\text{NO}_{3}^{-}$
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : - Which of the silanes are formed by the reactions of $\text{Mg}_{2}\text{Si}+\text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{4} \longrightarrow$
A. $\text{Si}_{4}\text{H}_{10}$
B. $\text{Si}_{3}\text{H}_{8}$
C. $\text{Si}_{5}\text{H}_{10}$
D. $\text{Si}_{6}\text{H}_{14}$
E. $\text{Si}_{7}\text{H}_{9}$
Choose the correct answer from the options given below : - The known per-oxoacids of Sulphur are :
A. $\text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{5}$
B. $\text{H}_{2}\text{S}_{2}\text{O}_{9}$
C. $\text{H}_{3}\text{S}_{4}\text{O}_{12}$
D. $\text{H}_{2}\text{S}_{2}\text{O}_{8}$
E. $\text{H}_{2}\text{S}_{2}\text{O}_{7}$
Choose the correct answer from the options given below : - Which of the following conditions should be met while writing the canonical structures of a resonance hybrid ?
A. The magnitude of resonance energy should be low and the hybrid will be more stable
B. The number of unpaired electrons should be same in all the canonical forms
C. Canonical forms where similar charges develop on vicinal atoms are highly significant forms
D. The positions of the nuclei of each canonical form and the hybrid must remain same
E. Only a pair of electrons should be shifted in writing the canonical forms
Choose the correct answer from the options given below : - Match List - I with List - II. Match the number of d-electrons and CFSE in tetrahedral complexes (ignore pairing)
List - I
(Number of d-electrons)List - II
(CFSE)A. $\text{d}^{6}$ I. $-0.4$ B. $\text{d}^{4}$ II. $-1.2$ C. $\text{d}^{7}$ III. $-0.8$ D. $\text{d}^{8}$ IV. $-0.6$
Choose the correct answer from the options given below : - Match List - I with List - II.
List - I List - II A. Root mean square speed I. $(8 \text{ kT}/\pi\mu)^{1/2}$ B. Mean speed II. $(8 \text{ RT}/\pi\text{M})^{1/2}$ C. Most probable speed III. $(3 \text{ RT}/\text{M})^{1/2}$ D. Mean relative speed IV. $(2 \text{ RT}/\text{M})^{1/2}$
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Important Questions from Miscellaneous
- Which of the following relationships is/are not true?
(A). Most probable velocity = $\sqrt{\frac{2RT}{M}}$
(B). PV = $\frac{3}{2}kT$
(C). Compressibility factor Z = $\frac{pV}{nRT}$
(D). Average kinetic energy of gas = $\frac{1}{2}kT$
Choose the correct answer from the options given below - Match List-I with List-II
List-I List-II Electronic Configuration First Ionisation energy (kJ mol$^{-1}$) (A). ns$^2$ (I). 2100 (B). ns$^2$np$^1$ (II). 1400 (C). ns$^2$np$^3$ (III). 800 (D). ns$^2$np$^6$ (IV). 900
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - The shielding constant of a 2p electron (calculated using Slater's rules) is
- Match List-I with List-II
List-I List-II Spectroscopy Property (A). Raman (I). Polarizability (B). FTIR (II). Dipole Moment (C). UV-Visible (III). Absorbance (D). NMR (IV). Spin
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - The structure of protein comprises of:
(A). Primary structure of protein is associated with amino acids
(B). Secondary structure of protein is associated to peptides
(C). Tertiary structure of protein is associated with polypeptide chains
(D). Quaternary structure of protein is associated with polypeptide chains
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
