The body cavity which is lined by mesoderm is called ________.
Coelom
A true body cavity fully lined on all sides by mesoderm (the peritoneum) is called a coelom; animals possessing it are coelomates (annelids, molluscs, arthropods, chordates).
Chordata and Arthropoda are phyla, not cavities, and Platyhelminthes (flatworms) are acoelomate — they lack such a cavity altogether. Hence the answer is Coelom.
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Gregor Johann Mendel came up with the theory of inheritance by studying:
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