Markov Assumption Explained
The question describes a specific assumption used in probability and sequence analysis, particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP).
Key Assumption
- The core idea is that the likelihood of a specific word appearing next in a sequence is determined *only* by the immediately preceding word.
- This is known as the Markov assumption or the Markov property.
Why Markov?
- A Markov chain models sequences where the probability of transitioning to the next state depends only on the current state.
- In this context, words are the "states," and the assumption means $P(word_n | word_{n-1}, word_{n-2}, ..., word_1) = P(word_n | word_{n-1})$.
- This simplifies the calculation of probabilities in language models significantly.
Other Options
- Gaussian relates to the normal distribution, not sequence dependencies.
- Chebyshev is associated with inequalities regarding probability distributions and variance.
- Turing is linked to computation theory and machines, not this specific probabilistic assumption.
Therefore, the assumption that the probability of occurrence of a word depends ONLY on the preceding word is the Markov assumption.
Important Questions from Analytical Aptitude
An ant is at the bottom-left corner of a grid (point P) as shown above. It aims to move to the top-right corner of the grid. The ant moves only along the lines marked in the grid such that the current distance to the top-right corner strictly decreases.
Which one of the following is a part of a possible trajectory of the ant during the movement?A building has several rooms and doors as shown in the top view of the building given below. The doors are closed initially.
What is the minimum number of doors that need to be opened in order to go from the point P to the point Q?
An art gallery engages a security guard to ensure that the items displayed are protected. The diagram below represents the plan of the gallery where the boundary walls are opaque. The location the security guard posted is identified such that all the inner space (shaded region in the plan) of the gallery is within the line of sight of the security guard.
If the security guard does not move around the posted location and has a 360° view, which one of the following correctly represents the set of ALL possible locations among the locations P, Q, R and S, where the security guard can be posted to watch over the entire inner space of the gallery.
- A person was born on the fifth Monday of February in a particular year.
Which one of the following statements is correct based on the above information? - The vector sum of all the external forces acting on a rigid body is expressed as $\sum F$ and the vector sum of moments of the external forces about a point is given as $\sum M$. The rigid body is in equilibrium if
