Some parts of the sentence have an error and some parts are correct. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. If a sentence is free from error, choose 'No error' as the answer.
(c)
Understanding the Sentence and Identifying the Error
The question asks us to find the part of the given sentence that contains an error. The sentence describes the thorax. Let's break down the sentence into its marked parts:
- (a) The thorax is the upper part
- (b) of your body from the neck down
- (c) to the bottom of the ribs and diaphragm.
- (d) No error
Analyzing Each Part of the Sentence
We need to examine each part to see if it is grammatically correct and factually accurate in the context of describing the thorax.
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Part (a): The thorax is the upper part
This part introduces the subject, the thorax, and describes it as an "upper part". This is generally correct as the thorax is located in the upper body.
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Part (b): of your body from the neck down
This part specifies the location further, indicating it is part of the body and extends downwards from the neck. This is also correct as the thorax is situated below the neck.
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Part (c): to the bottom of the ribs and diaphragm.
This part describes the lower boundary of the thorax. Let's consider the anatomical definition of the thorax.
Understanding the Thorax
The thorax, also known as the chest, is a part of the body located between the neck and the abdomen. It is enclosed by the rib cage and contains vital organs like the heart and lungs.
Anatomically, the thorax extends from the base of the neck (specifically, the superior thoracic aperture) down to the diaphragm (the inferior thoracic aperture). The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
Therefore, the lower limit of the thorax is the diaphragm itself, not "the bottom of the ribs and diaphragm". The ribs form the cage around the thorax, and the diaphragm forms its floor. Saying "to the bottom of the ribs and diaphragm" is anatomically incorrect because the diaphragm is the boundary.
A more accurate description of the lower limit would be "down to the diaphragm" or "bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm".
Identifying the Error Location
Based on the anatomical definition, part (c) contains the error because it incorrectly describes the lower boundary of the thorax as "to the bottom of the ribs and diaphragm" instead of simply referencing the diaphragm as the boundary.
Conclusion
The error is found in part (c) of the sentence, which incorrectly describes the lower extent of the thorax.
Revision Table: Sentence Parts Analysis
| Part | Text | Analysis | Error? |
|---|---|---|---|
| (a) | The thorax is the upper part | Correct general description. | No |
| (b) | of your body from the neck down | Correct description of relative position. | No |
| (c) | to the bottom of the ribs and diaphragm. | Incorrect anatomical description of the lower boundary. The diaphragm is the lower boundary. | Yes |
| (d) | No error | Not applicable as there is an error. | No |
Additional Information: Anatomy of the Thorax
- The thorax is enclosed by the thoracic cage, which consists of the ribs, sternum (breastbone), and thoracic vertebrae.
- It houses vital organs like the heart, lungs, esophagus, and major blood vessels.
- The superior boundary of the thorax is the thoracic inlet (superior thoracic aperture), formed by the first pair of ribs, the first thoracic vertebra, and the manubrium of the sternum.
- The inferior boundary is the thoracic outlet (inferior thoracic aperture), which is closed by the diaphragm. This outlet is formed by the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs, the costal cartilages of ribs 7-10, the xiphoid process of the sternum, and the 12th thoracic vertebra.
- The phrase "to the bottom of the ribs and diaphragm" is misleading; the diaphragm is the actual floor, and the ribs form the side walls and part of the lower boundary where their cartilages attach to the sternum or to each other, but the entire structure sits atop the diaphragm.
Important Questions from Error Spotting
Direction: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined parts labelled (a), (b) and (c) Read each sentence to determine whether there is an error in any underlined part and indicate your response in the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter, i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
A honest mistake (a) / is no more than that; (b) / just an honest mistake. (c) / No error (d)Direction: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined parts labelled (a), (b) and (c) Read each sentence to determine whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response in the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter, i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
A company of five thousand soldiers , (a) / having marched tirelessly for over five days , (b) / have just moved into their cantonment . (c) / No error (d)Direction: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined parts labelled (a), (b) and (c) Read each sentence to determine whether there is an error in any underlined part and indicate your response in the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter, i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
Every person who believes in principles (a) / must stand up to fight (b) / for their convictions . (c) / No error (d)Direction: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined parts labelled (a), (b) and (c) Read each sentence to determine whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response in the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter, i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
The Olympic Games reflects(a) / the highest spirit of (b) / human endeavour and achievement . (c) / No error (d)Direction: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined parts labelled (a), (b) and (c) Read each sentence to determine whether there is an error in any underlined part and indicate your response in the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter, i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
The principal of the school (a) / stressed the need for discipline (b) / amongst the students. (c) / No error (d)
