In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
A savanna is a kind of rolling grassland dotted with isolated trees and shrubs. The grasslands of Australia are known as the bush. The grassland plains of North America are referred to as the prairie. A vast plain with hills and forests is called savanna. Africa has the (1)______ savannas. In the savanna of Africa, wet and dry are the two seasons. The dry season is shorter for two to three months near the equator, longer for nine to ten months near the tropics, and longer for five to six months in the majority of the savanna. Heavy downpours (2)______ during the wet seasons. In the dry seasons,vegetative life develops exceptionally quickly. Savanna grass rises two to three metres whereas forests are sparse. There are places where there aren’t many trees. Strong evaporation (3)_______ tree leaves to fall off and bushes and grass to wither during the dry season. It frequently starts a fire that spreads to large areas. Everything (4)_______ so lovely during the wet season—grass sprouts, trees and bushes turn green, and so on. Take a stroll through the savanna to see a (5)________ of animals, including elephants, giraffes, and zebras. The savanna is also home to the lion, the animal king.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
causes
The correct answer is "causes".
The sentence in question discusses the effects of strong evaporation during the dry season in the savanna. The sentence structure requires a verb that explains the effect of evaporation. The word "causes" accurately fits this context, describing how strong evaporation leads to the falling of tree leaves and the withering of bushes and grass. Other options like "root" and "reason" are grammatically incorrect and semantically inappropriate. "Root" implies an origin or base, while "reason" suggests an explanation or justification, neither of which accurately reflects the relationship between evaporation and the described consequences. The correct word choice is essential for conveying a precise and scientifically accurate depiction of the environmental dynamics within the savanna ecosystem. The impact of the strong evaporation on the vegetation is clearly indicated by "causes", providing a direct causal link between the evaporation process and the resulting changes in the plant life of the savanna. The concise and grammatically correct use of "causes" ensures the clarity and coherence of the overall passage.
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Important Questions from Sentence Construction
(S1) The minimum thermometer has a large bore and its fluid is colourless alcohol. (S6) The daily temperature is recorded since a permanent, continuous record of temperature is desired. (P) When the meniscus moves up the bore it leaves the index behind to register the lowest temperature. (Q) Resetting the dumbbell of the minimum thermometer is accompanied by the action of inverting the stem until the index slides down to the meniscus. (R) A tiny, dark index in the shape of a long dumbbell is placed in the bore below the top of the alcohol column. (S) It is mounted horizontally and as the alcohol contracts with the decreasing temperature the meniscus of the alcohol pulls the index down.
(S1) The Cretaceous Period extends from about 146 million years ago to 65 million years ago. (S6) During this period, enormous quantities of basaltic lava were poured out to the surface assuming a great thickness of over three thousand meters. (P) Apart from deposits, this period is marked by the transgression of the sea and outpouring of huge quantities of lava so as to form the Deccan trap and intrusion of plutonic rocks such as gabbro and granite. (Q) Towards the end of the Cretaceous Period the peninsula was affected by intense volcanic activity. (R) This outpouring has been widely distributed in the country with divergent facies of deposits being found in different parts of India. (S) In contrast to the relatively newer Himalayas, these facies that are found in different parts of India are much older in origin.
(S1) The Central Indian Highlands known as the Vindhyan Mountains occupy a large basin extending from Chittorgarh in the west to Sasaram and Dehri-on-Sone in the east. (S6) The Panna District of Madhya Pradesh and the Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh are well-known for diamond production. (P) One branch of the basin extends from Sasaram to Hoshangabad. (Q) In some of the exposures of the Vindhyan Systems are found diamond-bearing conglomerates. (R) This branch of this basin occupies a large continuous area stretching over one lakh square kilometre from the Chambal to the Sone. (S) Several isolated exposures of sedimentary rocks occur in the Bastar area of Chhattisgarh.
(S1) Drought is a continuous and lengthy period during which no significant rainfall is recorded during the rainy season. (S6) In India, droughts are more frequent in the areas where the average annual rainfall is less than 60 cm and the variability of rainfall is over 20 per cent. (P) This definition however, does not apply to Mawsymram and Cherra-punji, where even one week recording less than 0.25 mm of rainfall may be considered as a drought period. (Q) In general, the areas recording less than 60 cm of rainfall annually and in which the variability of rainfall is more than 20 per cent are the drought prone areas in India. (R) In India, the Meteorological Department has defined drought as a period of at least 22 consecutive days on none of which is there more than 0.25 mm of rainfall. (S) Areas where the variability of rainfall varies between 20 to 60 per cent are the chronic drought prone areas.
(S1) The definition of large farmers differs from state to state in India. (S6) This trend increased the income base of those who were already relatively well-off and better placed in society. (P) In the initial phase of the Green Revolution, the large farmers were able to adopt the High Yielding Variety easily. (Q) The new varieties increased their savings, both to buy machinery that can displace labour and to purchase more land. (R) For example, a farmer having 10 acres in Kerala is a large farmer, while in Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana he falls under the category of a small or medium farmer. (S) All the studies conducted in areas where Green Revolution is a success show that the large farmers have been the main gainers of the package programme.
