Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists : List-I (Mahamatta) List-II (Function) A. Anta-mahamatta 1. Women’s welfare B. Ithijhakha-mahamatta 2. Spread of Dhamma C. Dhamma-mahamatta 3. Associated with city D. Nagalaviyohalaka-ahamatta 4. In-charge of frontier areas
Understanding Mauryan Administration: Matching Mahamatta Roles
The question asks us to match different types of 'Mahamattas' from List-I with their specific 'Functions' from List-II. Mahamattas were high-ranking officials in the ancient Indian Mauryan Empire, particularly during the reign of Emperor Ashoka, who created specialized roles for the effective administration and propagation of his policies, especially Dhamma.
Let's analyze each type of Mahamatta given in List-I and find its corresponding function in List-II based on historical information about the Mauryan period:
| List-I (Mahamatta) | List-II (Function) |
|---|---|
| A. Anta-mahamatta | 1. Women’s welfare |
| B. Ithijhakha-mahamatta | 2. Spread of Dhamma |
| C. Dhamma-mahamatta | 3. Associated with city |
| D. Nagalaviyohalaka-ahamatta | 4. In-charge of frontier areas |
Analysis of Each Mahamatta and Function
- A. Anta-mahamatta: The term 'Anta' in ancient Indian languages often refers to the end, border, or frontier. Therefore, Anta-mahamattas were officials responsible for the administration and welfare of people living in the frontier regions of the empire. This matches with Function 4: In-charge of frontier areas.
- B. Ithijhakha-mahamatta: Also known as Stri-adhyaksha Mahamattas, these officials were specifically appointed to look after the welfare of women, supervise their activities, and ensure their well-being, particularly within the royal household and potentially in the general population as well. 'Ithijhakha' or 'Itijjhakkha' is related to women. This matches with Function 1: Women’s welfare.
- C. Dhamma-mahamatta: Appointed by Emperor Ashoka, these were perhaps the most famous among these officials. Their primary role was to propagate Dhamma throughout the empire, ensure people followed its principles, look after the welfare of all religious sects, and intervene in matters concerning justice and welfare according to the principles of Dhamma. This matches with Function 2: Spread of Dhamma.
- D. Nagalaviyohalaka-ahamatta: This term is related to 'Nagara' (city) and 'Vyavaharaka' (judicial/administrative officer). Nagalaviyohalaka Mahamattas were judicial and administrative officers responsible for the affairs within the cities. They looked after law and order and administered justice in urban areas. This matches with Function 3: Associated with city.
Mapping the Mahamattas to Their Functions
Based on the analysis, the correct matches are:- A. Anta-mahamatta goes with 4. In-charge of frontier areas.
- B. Ithijhakha-mahamatta goes with 1. Women’s welfare.
- C. Dhamma-mahamatta goes with 2. Spread of Dhamma.
- D. Nagalaviyohalaka-ahamatta goes with 3. Associated with city.
Revision Table: Mahamatta Roles in Mauryan Empire
| Mahamatta Type | Primary Function |
|---|---|
| Anta-mahamatta | Administration & welfare in frontier areas |
| Ithijhakha-mahamatta | Welfare and supervision of women |
| Dhamma-mahamatta | Propagation of Dhamma, welfare according to Dhamma |
| Nagalaviyohalaka-mahamatta | Judicial and administrative duties in cities |
Additional Information on Mauryan Officials
The Mauryan administration, especially under Ashoka, was highly organized. Mahamattas were a class of high officials who held various important portfolios. Beyond the specific types mentioned in the question, there were other Mahamattas responsible for different aspects of governance, such as justice (Rajukas), revenue, treasury, and military affairs. Ashoka's innovation of appointing Dhamma-mahamattas shows his focus on ethical governance and the welfare of his subjects based on the principles of Dhamma. These officials played a crucial role in connecting the central authority with the diverse population across the vast empire.
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