The Mappila (also spelt Moplah) Uprisings refer to a long series of agrarian and anti-colonial revolts carried out through the 19th and early 20th centuries by the Mappila Muslim peasantry of the Malabar region, in present-day northern Kerala, then part of the Madras Presidency under British rule.

Background and causes:

• Malabar had a highly exploitative agrarian structure known as the Jenmi system, under which land was owned by (mostly upper-caste Hindu, e.g. Namboodiri and Nair) landlords called Jenmis, while the actual cultivation was done by Mappila tenants and labourers on insecure, high-rent tenancies.
• British revenue and land-tenure policies strengthened the landlords' rights over eviction and rent collection, worsening the tenants' economic distress and fuelling repeated local uprisings against landlords, moneylenders, and colonial administrators.
• Religious and communal undertones also existed, as Mappila identity was tied closely to Islam, and revivalist religious leaders often gave the uprisings an added ideological dimension.
• These sporadic outbreaks recurred through the 1800s (e.g. in the 1840s, 1850s, 1880s, and 1890s) and culminated in the largest and most famous episode, the Moplah/Malabar Rebellion of 1921, which began as part of the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements before turning into a broader anti-landlord and anti-British revolt.

Because all of these episodes were centred in the coastal Malabar tract of Kerala, the correct region is the Malabar region of Kerala.

Why the other regions are incorrect:

• The Sunderbans region of West Bengal is a mangrove delta known for tiger reserves and embankment/tenancy issues of a very different character, not the site of the Mappila revolts.
• The Konkan region of Maharashtra, though also a coastal tract with its own agrarian history, was not where the Mappila community or these particular uprisings were located.
• The Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu is on India's south-eastern seaboard, geographically and historically distinct from the Malabar (south-western/Kerala) coast where the Mappila peasantry lived.