All Exams Test series for 1 year @ ₹349 only
Question

Let $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a twice differentiable function such that the quadratic equation $f(x)m^2 - 2f'(x)m + f''(x) = 0$ in m, has two equal roots for every $x \in \mathbb{R}$. If $f(0) = 1, f'(0) = 2$, and $(\alpha, \beta)$ is the largest interval in which the function $f(\log_e x - x)$ is increasing, then $\alpha + \beta$ is equal to ____________.

Condition for Equal Roots

The quadratic equation $f(x)m^2 - 2f'(x)m + f''(x) = 0$ has two equal roots. This implies the discriminant ($\Delta$) is zero.

$ \Delta = (-2f'(x))^2 - 4(f(x))(f''(x)) = 0 $

Simplifying, we get $ 4(f'(x))^2 = 4f(x)f''(x) $, which leads to $ (f'(x))^2 = f(x)f''(x) $.

Solving the Differential Equation

Rearranging the equation $ (f'(x))^2 = f(x)f''(x) $, we get $ \frac{f''(x)}{f'(x)} = \frac{f'(x)}{f(x)} $ (assuming $f(x) \neq 0$ and $f'(x) \neq 0$).

Integrating both sides with respect to $x$:

  • $ \int \frac{f''(x)}{f'(x)} dx = \int \frac{f'(x)}{f(x)} dx $
  • $ \log|f'(x)| = \log|f(x)| + C_1 $
  • Exponentiating both sides gives $ f'(x) = e^{C_1} f(x) $. Let $C = e^{C_1}$ (a constant).
  • So, $ f'(x) = C f(x) $.

Integrating $f'(x) = C f(x)$ again:

  • $ \int \frac{f'(x)}{f(x)} dx = \int C dx $
  • $ \log|f(x)| = Cx + C_2 $
  • Exponentiating gives $ f(x) = e^{Cx + C_2} = e^{C_2} e^{Cx} $. Let $A = e^{C_2}$ (a constant).
  • Thus, $ f(x) = A e^{Cx} $.

Determining Function Constants

Use the given initial conditions $f(0) = 1$ and $f'(0) = 2$ to find the constants A and C.

  • Using $f(0) = 1$: $ A e^{C \cdot 0} = 1 \implies A = 1 $.
  • The function is $ f(x) = e^{Cx} $.
  • The derivative is $ f'(x) = C e^{Cx} $.
  • Using $f'(0) = 2$: $ C e^{C \cdot 0} = 2 \implies C = 2 $.

Therefore, the function is $ f(x) = e^{2x} $.

Finding the Interval of Increase

Consider the function $g(x) = f(\log_e x - x)$. We need to find the interval $(\alpha, \beta)$ where $g(x)$ is increasing, meaning $g'(x) > 0$.

  • Substitute $f(x)$: $ g(x) = e^{2(\log_e x - x)} $.
  • Simplify $g(x)$: $ g(x) = e^{2\log_e x} \cdot e^{-2x} = e^{\log_e x^2} \cdot e^{-2x} = x^2 e^{-2x} $.
  • Calculate the derivative $g'(x)$ using the product rule: $ g'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(x^2 e^{-2x}) = (2x)e^{-2x} + x^2(-2e^{-2x}) $
  • Factor the derivative: $ g'(x) = 2x e^{-2x} (1 - x) $.

For $g(x)$ to be increasing, $g'(x) > 0$.

  • $ 2x e^{-2x} (1 - x) > 0 $.
  • Since $x$ is the argument of $\log_e x$, we must have $x > 0$. Also, $e^{-2x}$ is always positive.
  • Thus, the inequality simplifies to $ 2x(1 - x) > 0 $.
  • Since $x > 0$, we must have $1 - x > 0$, which implies $x < 1$.

The function $g(x)$ is increasing on the interval $ (0, 1) $. Therefore, $(\alpha, \beta) = (0, 1)$.

Calculating $\alpha + \beta$

Given $\alpha = 0$ and $\beta = 1$, the sum is:

$ \alpha + \beta = 0 + 1 = 1 $

Was this answer helpful?

Similar Questions

  1. Let $(2\alpha, \alpha)$ be the largest interval in which the function $f(t) = \frac{|t+1|}{t^2}, t < 0$, is strictly decreasing. Then the local maximum value of the function $g(x) = 2\log_e(x - 2) + \alpha x^2 + 4x - \alpha$, $x > 2$, is ______
  2. The number of points in the interval $[2, 4]$, at which the function $f(x) = \left[ x^2 - x - \frac{1}{2} \right]$, where $[\cdot]$ denotes the greatest integer function, is discontinuous, is __________.
  3. The number of points of discontinuity of the function $f (x) = \left[\frac{x^2}{2}\right] - [\sqrt{x}], x \in [0,4]$, where $[.]$denotes the greatest integer function, is ________
  4. The number of functions $f: \{1, 2, 3, 4\} \rightarrow \{a, b, c\}$, which are not onto, is:
  5. If $y = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{3\cos x - 4\sin x}{4\cos x + 3\sin x}\right) + 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{1 + \sqrt{1 - x^2}}\right)$, then $\frac{dy}{dx}$ at $x = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ is equal to:
  6. Let $f(x) = \lim_{\theta \rightarrow 0} \left(\frac{\cos\pi x - x^{\left(\frac{2}{\theta}\right)}\sin(x - 1)}{1 + x^{\left(\frac{2}{\theta}\right)}(x - 1)}\right)$, $x \in \mathbf{R}$. Consider the following two statements :
    (I) $f(x)$ is discontinous at $x = 1$.
    (II) $f(x)$ is continous at $x = -1$.
    Then,
  7. The sum of all the elements in the range of $f(x) = \text{Sgn}(\sin x) + \text{Sgn}(\cos x) + \text{Sgn}(\tan x) + \text{Sgn}(\cot x)$,
    $x \neq \frac{n\pi}{2}, n \in \mathbf{Z}$, where $\text{Sgn}(t) = \begin{cases} 1, & \text{if } t > 0 \\ -1, & \text{if } t < 0 \end{cases}$, is :
  8. Let $f: \mathbf{R} \to \mathbf{R}$ be a twice differentiable function such that $f''(x) > 0$ for all $x \in \mathbf{R}$ and $f'(a-1) = 0$, where $a$ is a real number. Let $g(x) = f(\tan^2 x - 2\tan x + a)$, $0 < x < \frac{\pi}{2}$.
    Consider the following two statements :
    (I) $g$ is increasing in $\left(0, \frac{\pi}{4}\right)$
    (II) $g$ is decreasing in $\left(\frac{\pi}{4}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right)$
    Then,
  9. Let $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow (0, \infty)$ be a twice differentiable function such that $f(3) = 18, f'(3) = 0$ and $f''(3) = 4$. Then $\lim_{x \to 1} \left( \log_e \left( \frac{f(2+x)}{f(3)} \right)^{\frac{18}{(x-1)^2}} \right)$ is equal to :
  10. If the domain of the function $f(x) = \cos^{-1}\left( \frac{2x - 5}{11 - 3x} \right) + \sin^{-1}(2x^2 - 3x + 1)$ is the interval $[\alpha, \beta]$, then $\alpha + 2\beta$ is equal to :

Important Questions from Differential Calculus

  1. Let $(2\alpha, \alpha)$ be the largest interval in which the function $f(t) = \frac{|t+1|}{t^2}, t < 0$, is strictly decreasing. Then the local maximum value of the function $g(x) = 2\log_e(x - 2) + \alpha x^2 + 4x - \alpha$, $x > 2$, is ______
  2. For a real number $y$, consider $[y]$ denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to $y$. 
    If $f(x) = \frac{\tan(\pi[x-\pi])}{1+[x]^2}$, then

  3. The number of points in the interval $[2, 4]$, at which the function $f(x) = \left[ x^2 - x - \frac{1}{2} \right]$, where $[\cdot]$ denotes the greatest integer function, is discontinuous, is __________.
  4. The number of points of discontinuity of the function $f (x) = \left[\frac{x^2}{2}\right] - [\sqrt{x}], x \in [0,4]$, where $[.]$denotes the greatest integer function, is ________
  5. Consider a function $f(x)$ which has exactly two roots at $x=a$. If $\lim_{x \to a}\left(\frac{\lambda f'(x)}{f(x)} - \frac{1}{x-a}\right) = m \, (\neq 0)$, then the value of $\lambda$ is
Need Expert Advice?
More Questions from JEE Main

Start Your Preparation with Prepp Mobile App

Download the app from Google Play & App Store
Download the app from Google Play & App Store
Prepp Mobile App