In a habitat recently affected by drought, which feature would most likely allow gymnosperms to persist when other plants fail?
Needle-like leaves prevent water loss
Gymnosperms (conifers such as pines, firs and cedars) dominate cold and dry habitats because their leaves are modified into hard, narrow needles.
Needle leaves have a very small surface area, a thick waxy cuticle, and stomata sunk into pits, all of which sharply reduce transpiration and conserve water during drought.
Gymnosperms are non-flowering plants: they bear no true flowers and no fruits, so options mentioning flowers, fruit-based dispersal or pollinator attraction do not apply to them.
Their fertilisation is by wind-borne pollen and is entirely non-aquatic; only pteridophytes and bryophytes need water for fertilisation.
Hence, needle-like leaves that prevent water loss are the key drought-tolerance feature.
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II. Autotrophic
Fungi are always
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Part of N 2cycle that is opposed to N 2fixation is:
