The ____________ opposed deforestation in the northern Indian tracts. This movement started in the early 1970s to prevent destruction of the forest by timber contractors and was carried forward by women, who were traditionally responsible for fuel, food and water in the family.
Identifying the Movement Against Deforestation
The question asks to identify a specific environmental movement in northern India that began in the early 1970s. Key characteristics include opposing deforestation and significant involvement of women who were responsible for resources like fuel and water.
Movement Analysis
Let's analyze the options based on the provided description:
- Jungle Bachao Andolan: Started in the 1980s, primarily focused on tribal rights and saving rainforests, particularly in areas like Bihar and Odisha. It doesn't perfectly match the timeline or location specified.
- Indigo movement: This was a 19th-century peasant revolt against exploitative indigo farming practices in Bengal. It is unrelated to deforestation in the northern tracts.
- Chipko movement: Originating in the Garhwal Himalayas (northern India) in 1973, this movement is renowned for villagers, especially women, hugging trees (the meaning of 'Chipko') to prevent them from being felled by forest contractors. This aligns perfectly with all aspects of the question: location, timeline, cause (deforestation), and participants (women).
- Save Silent Valley movement: This movement occurred in Kerala (South India) during the 1970s to prevent the construction of a hydroelectric dam in the Silent Valley rainforest. While environmental, it differs in location and primary focus from the question's description.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, the movement that precisely matches the description of opposing deforestation in northern Indian tracts starting in the early 1970s with women's active participation is the Chipko movement.
Important Questions from Globalization & Social Movements
- Which of the following aspect(s) is/are CORRECT about Dalit Panthers in Maharashtra?
Fill in the blank with the correct option.
__________ argued for a shift in social movements post-1968 towards questions of self-management and technologies of rule as central driving concerns, analyzing these movements as struggles over the self-production of society.
Fill in the blank with the correct option.
The movement against __________ dam in India has contributed significantly to the formation of the World Commission on Dams.
- Select the option that has the correct pairing of book title and key contribution.
Book Title Key Contribution Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India L Distinction between social and political movements Q The Non-Party Political Process M Critique of nationalist and Marxist historiography R Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India N New arenas of counter-action in the wake of diminishing legitimacy of the state in the project of social transformation S Nine Theses on Social Movements O Emergence of movements based in identities other than social class T - The Mathura Rape Case that took place in 1972 is considered to be a watershed moment for women's rights. From the following options, select which legal change(s) was/were introduced in the aftermath of the mobilizations following this case?
