Due to stiff competition and slump in demand a man sells an article at a loss of 5% for ₹38. If he increases the selling price to ₹44, what is his percentage of gain?
10%
Selling price at a loss of r% equals cost price × (100 − r)/100. Once the cost price is found, gain per cent = (selling price − cost price) / cost price × 100.
Step 1 — \(\text{CP} \times 0.95 = 38\), so \(\text{CP} = \dfrac{38}{0.95} = 40\) rupees.
Step 2 — New selling price is ₹44, so gain \(= 44 - 40 = 4\) rupees.
Step 3 — Gain per cent \(= \dfrac{4}{40} \times 100 = 10\%\).
A gain of 12.5% would need a selling price of ₹45 and 11.11% would need about ₹44.44. The figure 9.09% is the gain of ₹4 measured on the selling price of ₹44 instead of on the cost price, which is not how gain per cent is defined.
10% option is correct.
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