Directions: Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the right order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph. A. This cooled off into the darkness after a few million years. B. The first time was when the universe began its existence as a glowing fireball. C. In the modern scientific story, the light was created not once but twice. D. The second time was when the cold material condensed into dense nuggets and ignited to become the first stars.
CBAD
Understanding Paragraph Jumbling and Sentence Arrangement
The question asks us to arrange the given jumbled sentences (A, B, C, and D) to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph. This requires identifying the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentences, and understanding the logical flow between them.
Analyzing the Jumbled Sentences
Let's look at each sentence carefully:
- Sentence A: This cooled off into the darkness after a few million years. (Refers to something that cooled off. Needs a preceding sentence to define 'This'.)
- Sentence B: The first time was when the universe began its existence as a glowing fireball. (Describes 'the first time' something happened, mentioning a 'glowing fireball' which implies light.)
- Sentence C: In the modern scientific story, the light was created not once but twice. (Introduces the main topic: light creation happening twice. This is likely the opening sentence.)
- Sentence D: The second time was when the cold material condensed into dense nuggets and ignited to become the first stars. (Describes 'The second time' something happened, specifically the creation of stars, which emit light.)
Finding the Logical Sequence
Based on the analysis:
- Sentence C introduces the core idea: light was created twice. This serves as a perfect introductory sentence for the paragraph. So, C is the starting point.
- Sentence C mentions 'not once but twice'. We need sentences that explain these two instances. Sentence B describes 'The first time' and connects it to the universe beginning as a 'glowing fireball'. This logically follows C. So, B comes after C.
- Sentence A says 'This cooled off...'. The 'glowing fireball' mentioned in Sentence B is what would cool off. Thus, Sentence A logically follows Sentence B, explaining the consequence of the first event.
- Sentence D describes 'The second time' light was created, relating it to the formation of stars. This is the explanation for the second instance mentioned in Sentence C and concludes the two events discussed. So, D follows A.
Following this logic, the sequence is C → B → A → D.
Let's read the sentences in the order CBAD to check for coherence:
C. In the modern scientific story, the light was created not once but twice.
B. The first time was when the universe began its existence as a glowing fireball.
A. This cooled off into the darkness after a few million years.
D. The second time was when the cold material condensed into dense nuggets and ignited to become the first stars.
This order forms a cohesive paragraph discussing the two instances of light creation in the universe's history according to the modern scientific view.
Final Arrangement
The correct order of the sentences is CBAD.
| Sentence | Role in Paragraph |
|---|---|
| C | Introduction (states the main idea: light created twice) |
| B | Explains the first instance of light creation (glowing fireball) |
| A | Describes the consequence of the first instance (cooling off) |
| D | Explains the second instance of light creation (first stars) |
Revision Table: Universe Light Creation Order
Reviewing the process of sentence arrangement helps reinforce understanding:
- Start by reading all sentences to grasp the overall topic.
- Look for an introductory sentence that presents the main idea.
- Identify sentences that provide details, explanations, or consequences related to the main idea.
- Look for transition words or pronouns ('This', 'The first time', 'The second time') that link sentences.
- Arrange sentences in a logical flow (e.g., introduction → explanation of first point → explanation of second point).
- Read the arranged paragraph to ensure it is meaningful and coherent.
Additional Information: Universe's Early Light and First Stars
The passage touches upon key concepts in cosmology regarding the early universe:
- The Glowing Fireball: This refers to the period shortly after the Big Bang, known as the recombination or decoupling era. Before this, the universe was a hot, dense plasma where light (photons) was constantly interacting with charged particles. As the universe expanded and cooled, electrons and protons combined to form neutral atoms. This allowed photons to travel freely for the first time, creating the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation, often referred to as the 'afterglow' of the Big Bang. This event essentially made the universe transparent and filled it with light.
- Cooling Off and Darkness: After recombination, the universe entered a period known as the 'Dark Ages'. Although filled with the CMB radiation, there were no stars or galaxies yet to produce new light. The CMB light itself cooled (redshifted) as the universe expanded, making the universe appear dark in visible wavelengths.
- The First Stars (Population III Stars): After millions of years, gravity caused matter (primarily hydrogen and helium) to condense into dense clouds. When these clouds became dense enough, nuclear fusion ignited in their cores, forming the very first stars. These massive stars were the second major source of light in the universe, ending the Dark Ages and beginning the epoch of reionization.
Understanding these stages provides context for why the passage describes light creation happening twice in the universe's scientific story.
Important Questions from Para Jumbles
Direction: In the items in this section, each passage consists of six sentences. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labelled P, Q, R and S. You are required to find out the proper order for the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: At the roadside, the driver will be asked to blow through a small glass tube into a plastic bag.
S6: The driver will be asked to go to the police station.
P: And if the colour change does not reach the line the driver cannot be punished under the new law.
Q: Inside the tube are chemically treated crystals which change colour if the driver has alcohol on his breath.
R: But if the colour change does reach the line then the test has proved positive.
S: If the colour change goes beyond a certain line marked on the tube this indicates that the driver is probably over the specified limit.
The proper sequence should be
Direction: In the items in this section, each passage consists of six sentences. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labeled P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find out the proper order for the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: Hope springs eternally in the heart of man.
S6: This is the central idea of the poem.
P: But hope is everlasting.
Q: Love, friendship, and youth perish.
R: It is nursed by the glorious elements of nature.
S: Man derives hope from nature in his gallant struggle after some noble ideal.
The proper sequence should be
Direction: In the items in this section, each passage consists of six sentences. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labeled P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find out the proper order for the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: Mr. Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson were spending a weekend in a University town.
S6: It was clear that something very unusual happened.
P: One evening they received a visit from an acquaintance, Mr. Hilton Soames.
Q: On that occasion, he was in a state of great agitation.
R: They were staying in furnished rooms, close to the library.
S: Mr. Soames was a tall, thin man of a nervous and excitable nature.
The proper sequence should be
Direction: In the items in this section, each passage consists of six sentences. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labeled P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find out the proper order for the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: The machines that drive modern civilisation derive their power from coal and oil.
S6: Nuclear energy may also be effectively used in this respect.
P: But they are not inexhaustible.
Q: These sources may not be exhausted very soon.
R: A time may come when some other sources have to be tapped and utilised.
S: Power may, of course, be obtained in future from forests, water, wind and withered vegetables.
The proper sequence should be
Direction: In the items in this section, each passage consists of six sentences. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labeled P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find out the proper order for the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: The body can never stop.
S6: It comes from food.
P: To support this endless activity, the body needs all the fuel for action.
Q: Sometimes it is more active than at other times, but it is always moving.
R: Even in the deepest sleep we must breathe.
S: The fuel must come from somewhere.
The proper sequence should be
