The lag period is the time between administration of an antigen and the start of a measurable immune response.
Memory B cells are long-lived lymphocytes generated after an initial encounter with an antigen. They provide immunological memory.
Upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen, memory B cells are activated more quickly and efficiently than naive B cells during a primary response.
The duration of this lag period depends on various factors, including the antigen's properties and the specific immune context. For memory B cells, mediating a secondary immune response, the activation, proliferation, and differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells is notably rapid.
Consequently, the typical lag period for a robust response from memory B cells after antigen administration is generally in the range of 1 to 3 days.
Morgenthau's principles of political realism are:
A. Politics is rooted in permanent and unchanging human nature which is basically self centred, self-regarding and self-interested
B. Politics is an autonomous sphere of action and cannot therefore be reduced to morals
C. International Politics is an arena of conflicting self-interests
D. The ethics of international relations is situational ethics which is very different from private morality
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Who among the following political thinkers consider the anarchical self help system to be a compelling factor for States to maximise their relative power positions?