Consider the following statements regarding HIV infection in pregnant women: 1. The maternal to foetal transmission of HIV mostly occurs during the perinatal period. 2. The risk of vertical transmission increases in direct proportion to the maternal HIV viral load. 3. Breast-feeding is an important route of HIV transmission to the infant. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
HIV Transmission Statements Analysis
This section analyzes the provided statements regarding HIV transmission in pregnant women to determine which are correct.
Statement 1: Perinatal Transmission
- Statement: The maternal to foetal transmission of HIV mostly occurs during the perinatal period.
- Analysis: The perinatal period includes pregnancy, labour, delivery, and the postpartum period. Transmission can occur during pregnancy, but the highest risk is often during labour and delivery. Therefore, this statement is correct.
Statement 2: Viral Load and Transmission Risk
- Statement: The risk of vertical transmission increases in direct proportion to the maternal HIV viral load.
- Analysis: Higher maternal viral load significantly increases the likelihood of HIV passing to the baby. Antiretroviral therapy aims to reduce viral load, thereby lowering transmission risk. This statement is correct.
Statement 3: Breastfeeding Transmission
- Statement: Breast-feeding is an important route of HIV transmission to the infant.
- Analysis: HIV can be transmitted through breast milk. While modern interventions reduce this risk, breastfeeding remains a potential route, especially in resource-limited settings. This statement is correct.
Conclusion on Statements
All three statements (1, 2, and 3) accurately describe aspects of HIV transmission in pregnant women and their infants.
Final Answer Determination
Since statements 1, 2, and 3 are all correct, the option including all three is the correct choice.
Important Questions from Viral Infections
- A 'slapped cheek' rash is characteristically seen in which of the following infections?
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) includes which of the following?
1. Asymptomatic neurocognitive disorder
2. Minor neurocognitive disorder
3. HIV-associated dementia
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Which of the following treatments for a pregnant lady who has been exposed to a patient of chicken pox are correct?
1. Varicella-zoster immune globulin
2. Varicella-zoster vaccine
3. Acyclovir
4. Prednisolone
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding Kyasanur forest disease?
1. It is commonly seen in North-Eastern States of India.
2. Monkeys act as reservoir of the disease.
3. Transmission happens through tick bite.
4. Inactivated vaccine is available for its prevention.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- Which one of the following has the highest risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission after single exposure to an HIV-infected source ?
