Consider the following statements: 1. Article 310 is derived from British constitutional practice. 2. It grants absolute power to remove civil servants without inquiry. 3. Article 311 limits the scope of Article 310. Which of the above is/are correct?
1 and 3 only
Article 310 of the Indian Constitution establishes the doctrine of pleasure, derived from British constitutional practice, under which civil servants hold office during the pleasure of the President or the Governor, making statement 1 correct.
However, this power is not absolute, since Article 311 provides civil servants with procedural safeguards, requiring that they be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard before being dismissed, removed, or reduced in rank, which makes statement 2 incorrect.
Because Article 311 places specific limits and conditions on how the pleasure doctrine under Article 310 can be exercised, statement 3 is correct.
Since statements 1 and 3 accurately describe the constitutional position while statement 2 misstates it as an absolute and unchecked power, only statements 1 and 3 are correct.
Hence, the answer is 1 and 3 only.
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