Carefully read the following statements and conclusions. Consider the statements to be absolutely true, even if they contradict common facts. Based solely on the statements, determine which conclusion(s) logically follow.
Statements:
All flowers are plants.
No plant is a stone.
Some stones are heavy.
Conclusions:
(1) No flower is a stone.
(2) Some plants are not heavy.
(3) Some flowers are heavy.
(4) Some heavy things are not plants.
To solve this logical reasoning question, we need to analyze the given statements and determine which of the provided conclusions logically follow from these statements.
Given Statements:
- All flowers are plants.
- No plant is a stone.
- Some stones are heavy.
Conclusions to Evaluate:
- No flower is a stone.
- Some plants are not heavy.
- Some flowers are heavy.
- Some heavy things are not plants.
Let's evaluate each conclusion individually.
- No flower is a stone.
- According to the statements, all flowers are plants, and no plant is a stone. Therefore, it logically follows that no flower can be a stone, making this conclusion true.
- Some plants are not heavy.
- We know from the statements that some stones are heavy. However, there is no direct information about the heaviness of plants. Thus, with the absence of direct information, we cannot definitively conclude that some plants are not heavy. Therefore, this conclusion does not logically follow.
- Some flowers are heavy.
- Since all flowers are a type of plant, and no plant can be a stone, the statement "some stones are heavy" does not provide any direct relationship to flowers. Hence, there is no basis to conclude that some flowers are heavy. Therefore, this conclusion does not logically follow.
- Some heavy things are not plants.
- We know from the statements that some stones are heavy and no plant is a stone. By implication, the heavy things that are stones cannot be plants. Therefore, this conclusion logically follows.
Conclusion: Based on the analysis, conclusions (1) and (4) logically follow from the given statements.
Correct Answer: Only (1) and (4) follow.
Important Questions from Syllogism
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All dancers are talented.
Some girls are dancers.
Conclusions:
I. Some girls are talented.
II. All talented are girls.
III. All girls are talented.
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All directors are actors.
No actor is a producer.
All choreographers are directors.
Conclusions:
I. No choreographer is producer.
II. Some actors are choreographers.
III. No director is a producer.
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the statements.
Statements:
All lemons are plums.
All plums are dates.
Some dates are mangoes.
Conclusions:
I. Some lemons are mangoes.
II. Some mangoes are plums.
III. All lemons are dates.
IV. Some mangoes are dates.
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
Some cards are postcards.
Some cards are envelopes.
All envelopes are copies.
Conclusions:
I. Some copies are envelopes.
II. Some postcards are copies.
III. Some cards are copies.
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All employees are tax-payers.
Some employees are farmers.
Some farmers are doctors.
Conclusions:
I. No farmer is a tax-payer.
II. Some farmers are tax-payers.
