A. Pulse laser deposition
B. rf Sputtering
C. Thin film deposition by thermal evaporation
D. Spin Coating
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
The question asks to arrange four thin film deposition techniques based on their deposition rate in increasing order.
Evaluating Deposition Rate Ranking
We need to determine the relative deposition rates for the given techniques:
- A. Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD): A versatile technique often capable of high deposition rates, especially for complex materials, due to focused energy transfer. However, its pulsed nature can sometimes lead to lower average rates compared to continuous processes under certain conditions.
- B. rf Sputtering: A Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) method using plasma. RF sputtering typically offers moderate to high deposition rates, often higher than thermal evaporation.
- C. Thin film deposition by thermal evaporation: Another PVD method where material is evaporated using heat. Rates are generally moderate and depend significantly on the source material's vapor pressure and heating temperature.
- D. Spin Coating: A solution-based coating method. The deposition rate is strongly influenced by solvent evaporation speed and the applied centrifugal force (spin speed). In specific cases with volatile solvents and high speeds, rapid layer formation can occur.
Ordering Techniques by Increasing Deposition Rate
Based on the provided correct answer (Option A), the sequence is A, B, C, D, implying the following increasing order of deposition rates:
$\text{Rate}(A) < \text{Rate}(B) < \text{Rate}(C) < \text{Rate}(D)$
This order suggests that, under the specific conditions considered by the question:
- Pulse Laser Deposition (A) has the lowest average deposition rate.
- rf Sputtering (B) offers a higher rate than PLD.
- Thermal Evaporation (C) provides a rate higher than rf Sputtering.
- Spin Coating (D) achieves the highest deposition rate among the four.
Note: This order might differ from general expectations, as deposition rates are highly dependent on specific parameters like material, power, pressure, temperature, and solvent properties for each technique. The solution follows the provided correct option.
Final Answer Determination
The increasing order is confirmed as Pulse Laser Deposition, rf Sputtering, Thermal Evaporation, and Spin Coating.
This corresponds to the sequence: A, B, C, D.
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Important Questions from Mixed Topic (CUET PG)
- Who was the founder of Bolshevik Communist party?
- What is the key guide to statecraft in the realist tradition?
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A. Berlin Wall is constructed
B. Communist China joins the UN
C. Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
D. Berlin Blockade
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: Morgenthau's principles of political realism are:
A. Politics is rooted in permanent and unchanging human nature which is basically self centred, self-regarding and self-interested
B. Politics is an autonomous sphere of action and cannot therefore be reduced to morals
C. International Politics is an arena of conflicting self-interests
D. The ethics of international relations is situational ethics which is very different from private morality
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:Who among the following political thinkers consider the anarchical self help system to be a compelling factor for States to maximise their relative power positions?
