A. Universal ethical principles
B. Individual, instrumental purpose and exchange
C. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships and interpersonal conformity
D. Punishment and obedience orientation
E. Social system morality
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development Sequence
Lawrence Kohlberg's theory outlines distinct stages of moral reasoning development. These stages are organized into three primary levels: Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional. Understanding the correct sequence is essential for grasping the progression of moral thought.
Ordered Stages of Moral Reasoning
The sequence progresses from external considerations to more internalized ethical principles. Based on the provided descriptions, the stages are ordered as follows:
- Stage 1 (D): Punishment and obedience orientation
- This initial stage focuses on avoiding punishment and deference to authority. It represents the foundation of pre-conventional morality.
- Stage 2 (B): Individual, instrumental purpose and exchange
- At this stage, the focus shifts to self-interest and the concept of fair exchange, often summarized as "you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours." This continues the pre-conventional level.
- Stage 3 (C): Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships and interpersonal conformity
- This stage marks the beginning of conventional morality, emphasizing maintaining good relationships and conforming to societal expectations ("good boy/girl" orientation).
- Stage 4 (E): Social system morality
- The focus expands to upholding the social order, respecting laws, and fulfilling duties. This stage represents the completion of conventional moral reasoning.
- Stage 5 (A): Universal ethical principles
- This stage belongs to the post-conventional level, where moral reasoning is based on abstract principles of justice and universal ethical guidelines, potentially challenging societal laws.
The correct sequence reflecting the development of moral reasoning is therefore D, B, C, E, A.
Important Questions from Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
- Nakula, a 12 year old boy who lives in a community having 50 houses always actively takes part in the maintenance of cleanliness within community as he likes the 'good boy' praise that he receives from community elders. According to Kohlberg, Nakula is in this level of moral development
Match the following stages of Kohlberg's moral development theory with their characteristics :
Moral Stages Characteristics (a) Conforming obtain reward (i) Getting the approval of others (b) Maintaining social order (ii) Stage based on self- interest (c) Good interpersonal relationships (iii) Eternal value accepted by conscience (d) Universal ethical principles (iv) Importance of justice and law Choose the correct code:
Arrange the Kohlberg's stages of moral development in chronological order :
A. Instrumental relationism orientation
B. Interpersonal concordance orientation
C. Punishment and obedience orientation
D. Law-and-order orientation
E. Social contract-legalistic orientation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I List - II (A) Obedience Orientation (I) Moral reasoning based on winning the approval of others (B) Interpersonal norms (II) Moral reasoning based on moral principles that apply to all (C) Social contract (III) Moral reasoning based on the belief that adults know what is right or wrong (D) Universal ethical principles (IV) Moral reasoning is based on the belief that laws are for the good of all members of society - Arrange in accordance with Kohlberg’s stages of moral understanding.
I. Instrumental purpose orientation.
II. Punishment and obedience orientation.
III. Social-order-maintaining orientation.
IV. Good boy-good girl orientation.
Codes :
